이 기사의 예에서는 PHP의 객체 지향 상속 사용을 설명합니다. 참고용으로 모든 사람과 공유하세요. 세부 사항은 다음과 같습니다.
상속
두 클래스를 먼저 살펴보세요.
<?php class CdProduct { public $playLength; // 播放时间 public $title; public $producerMainName; public $producerFirstName; public $price; function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price, $playLength ) { $this->title = $title; $this->producerFirstName = $firstName; $this->producerMainName = $mainName; $this->price = $price; $this->playLength = $playLength; } function getPlayLength() { return $this->playLength; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = "{$this->title} ( {$this->producerMainName}, "; $base .= "{$this->producerFirstName} )"; $base .= ": playing time - {$this->playLength}"; return $base; } function getProducer() { return "{$this->producerFirstName}". " {$this->producerMainName}"; } } class BookProduct { public $numPages; // 看的页数 public $title; public $producerMainName; public $producerFirstName; public $price; function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price, $numPages ) { $this->title = $title; $this->producerFirstName = $firstName; $this->producerMainName = $mainName; $this->price = $price; $this->numPages = $numPages; } function getNumberOfPages() { return $this->numPages; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = "{$this->title} ( {$this->producerMainName}, "; $base .= "{$this->producerFirstName} )"; $base .= ": page count - {$this->numPages}"; return $base; } function getProducer() { return "{$this->producerFirstName}". " {$this->producerMainName}"; } } $product1 = new CdProduct("cd1", "bob", "bobbleson", 4, 50 ); print $product1->getSummaryLine(); print "\n"; $product2 = new BookProduct("book1", "harry", "harrelson", 4, 30 ); print $product2->getSummaryLine(); print "\n"; ?>
출력:
cd1 ( bobbleson, bob ): 재생 시간 - 50
book1 (harrelson, harry): 페이지 수 - 30
댓글: 이 두 범주의 코드는 너무 반복적이며 유사점과 차이점이 있습니다. 프로세스를 단순화하려면 상속을 사용하는 것이 좋습니다.
상속을 사용하여 처리
<?php class ShopProduct { public $numPages; public $playLength; public $title; public $producerMainName; public $producerFirstName; public $price; function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price, $numPages=0, $playLength=0 ) { $this->title = $title; $this->producerFirstName = $firstName; $this->producerMainName = $mainName; $this->price = $price; $this->numPages = $numPages; $this->playLength = $playLength; } function getProducer() { return "{$this->producerFirstName}". " {$this->producerMainName}"; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = "$this->title ( {$this->producerMainName}, "; $base .= "{$this->producerFirstName} )"; return $base; } } class CdProduct extends ShopProduct { function getPlayLength() { // 增加属于自己的方法 return $this->playLength; } function getSummaryLine() { // 改造了父类的方法 $base = "{$this->title} ( {$this->producerMainName}, "; $base .= "{$this->producerFirstName} )"; $base .= ": playing time - {$this->playLength}"; return $base; } } class BookProduct extends ShopProduct { function getNumberOfPages() { return $this->numPages; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = "{$this->title} ( {$this->producerMainName}, "; $base .= "{$this->producerFirstName} )"; $base .= ": page count - {$this->numPages}"; return $base; } } $product1 = new CdProduct("cd1", "bob", "bobbleson", 4, null, 50 ); print $product1->getSummaryLine(); print "\n"; $product2 = new BookProduct("book1", "harry", "harrelson", 4, 30 ); print $product2->getSummaryLine(); print "\n"; ?>
출력:
cd1(bobbleson, bob): 재생 시간 - 50
book1(harrelson, harry): 페이지 수 - 30
댓글: 상속 처리는 차이점과 호환성 문제를 매우 잘 해결합니다.
추가 최적화 처리
<?php class ShopProduct { // 抽离出共有属性 public $title; public $producerMainName; public $producerFirstName; public $price; function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price ) { $this->title = $title; $this->producerFirstName = $firstName; $this->producerMainName = $mainName; $this->price = $price; } function getProducer() { return "{$this->producerFirstName}". " {$this->producerMainName}"; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = "{$this->title} ( {$this->producerMainName}, "; $base .= "{$this->producerFirstName} )"; return $base; } } class CdProduct extends ShopProduct { // 抽离出属于自己特有的属性 public $playLength; function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price, $playLength ) { parent::__construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price ); // 继承父类的构造函数 $this->playLength = $playLength; // 处理自己专有的属性 } function getPlayLength() { return $this->playLength; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = "{$this->title} ( {$this->producerMainName}, "; $base .= "{$this->producerFirstName} )"; $base .= ": playing time - {$this->playLength}"; return $base; } } class BookProduct extends ShopProduct { public $numPages; function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price, $numPages ) { parent::__construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price ); $this->numPages = $numPages; } function getNumberOfPages() { return $this->numPages; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = "$this->title ( $this->producerMainName, "; $base .= "$this->producerFirstName )"; $base .= ": page count - $this->numPages"; return $base; } } $product1 = new CdProduct("cd1", "bob", "bobbleson", 4, 50 ); print $product1->getSummaryLine(); print "\n"; $product2 = new BookProduct("book1", "harry", "harrelson", 4, 30 ); print $product2->getSummaryLine(); print "\n"; ?>
출력:
cd1(bobbleson, bob): 재생 시간 - 50
book1(harrelson, harry): 페이지 수 - 30
댓글: 여기서 공통 속성은 상위 클래스에 배치되고 기타 개별 속성은 자체 클래스에서 처리됩니다. 그리고 자신만의 생성 방법을 설정하고 상위 클래스의 생성 방법을 상속받습니다.
부모 클래스의 메서드를 추가로 상속
<?php class ShopProduct { public $title; public $producerMainName; public $producerFirstName; public $price; function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price ) { $this->title = $title; $this->producerFirstName = $firstName; $this->producerMainName = $mainName; $this->price = $price; } function getProducer() { return "{$this->producerFirstName}". " {$this->producerMainName}"; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = "{$this->title} ( {$this->producerMainName}, "; $base .= "{$this->producerFirstName} )"; return $base; } } class CdProduct extends ShopProduct { public $playLength; function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price, $playLength ) { parent::__construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price ); $this->playLength = $playLength; } function getPlayLength() { return $this->playLength; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = parent::getSummaryLine(); $base .= ": playing time - {$this->playLength}"; return $base; } } class BookProduct extends ShopProduct { public $numPages; function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price, $numPages ) { parent::__construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price ); $this->numPages = $numPages; } function getNumberOfPages() { return $this->numPages; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = parent::getSummaryLine(); $base .= ": page count - {$this->numPages}"; return $base; } } $product1 = new CdProduct("cd1", "bob", "bobbleson", 4, 50 ); print $product1->getSummaryLine(); print "\n"; $product2 = new BookProduct("book1", "harry", "harrelson", 4, 30 ); print $product2->getSummaryLine(); print "\n"; ?>
출력:
cd1( bobbleson, bob ): 재생 시간 - 50
book1( harrelson, harry ): 페이지 수 - 30
댓글: 같은 결과를 최적화하고 다시 최적화할 수 있습니다. 여기서는 상위 클래스의 메소드가 상속됩니다. 부모::getSummaryLine(). 그러나 이는 덜 자주 사용됩니다.
재미있는 콘텐츠 계속 추가
<?php class ShopProduct { private $title; private $discount = 0; private $producerMainName; private $producerFirstName; protected $price; function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price ) { $this->title = $title; $this->producerFirstName = $firstName; $this->producerMainName = $mainName; $this->price = $price; } function setDiscount( $num ) { $this->discount=$num; } function getPrice() { return ($this->price - $this->discount); } function getProducer() { return "{$this->producerFirstName}". " {$this->producerMainName}"; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = "{$this->title} ( {$this->producerMainName}, "; $base .= "{$this->producerFirstName} )"; return $base; } } class CdProduct extends ShopProduct { public $playLength; function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price, $playLength ) { parent::__construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price ); $this->playLength = $playLength; } function getPlayLength() { return $this->playLength; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = parent::getSummaryLine(); $base .= ": playing time - {$this->playLength}"; return $base; } } class BookProduct extends ShopProduct { public $numPages; function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price, $numPages ) { parent::__construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price ); $this->numPages = $numPages; } function getPrice() { return $this->price; } function getNumberOfPages() { return $this->numPages; } function getSummaryLine() { $base = parent::getSummaryLine(); $base .= ": page count - {$this->numPages}"; return $base; } } $product1 = new CdProduct("cd1", "bob", "bobbleson", 4, 50 ); $product1->setDiscount( 3 ); print $product1->getSummaryLine(); print "\n"; print "price: {$product1->getPrice()}\n"; $product2 = new BookProduct("book1", "harry", "harrelson", 4, 30 ); $product2->setDiscount( 3 ); // 折扣对book无效 print $product2->getSummaryLine(); print "\n"; print "price: {$product2->getPrice()}\n"; ?>
출력:
cd1(bobbleson, bob): 재생 시간 - 50
가격: 1
book1 (harrelson, harry): 페이지 수 - 30
가격: 4
댓글: 상위 클래스에서 할인을 추가했고, 책이 이를 상속받은 후 getPrice 메소드가 수정되었으므로 책에 대한 할인은 유효하지 않습니다. .
메서드를 통해 설정 및 획득된 개인 속성
<?php class ShopProduct { // 私有化属性,通过方法来设置与获取 private $title; private $producerMainName; private $producerFirstName; protected $price; private $discount = 0; public function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price ) { $this->title = $title; $this->producerFirstName = $firstName; $this->producerMainName = $mainName; $this->price = $price; } public function getProducerFirstName() { return $this->producerFirstName; } public function getProducerMainName() { return $this->producerMainName; } public function setDiscount( $num ) { $this->discount=$num; } public function getDiscount() { return $this->discount; } public function getTitle() { return $this->title; } public function getPrice() { return ($this->price - $this->discount); } public function getProducer() { return "{$this->producerFirstName}". " {$this->producerMainName}"; } public function getSummaryLine() { $base = "{$this->title} ( {$this->producerMainName}, "; $base .= "{$this->producerFirstName} )"; return $base; } } class CdProduct extends ShopProduct { private $playLength = 0; public function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price, $playLength ) { parent::__construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price ); $this->playLength = $playLength; } public function getPlayLength() { return $this->playLength; } public function getSummaryLine() { $base = parent::getSummaryLine(); $base .= ": playing time - {$this->playLength}"; return $base; } } class BookProduct extends ShopProduct { private $numPages = 0; public function __construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price, $numPages ) { parent::__construct( $title, $firstName, $mainName, $price ); $this->numPages = $numPages; } public function getNumberOfPages() { return $this->numPages; } public function getSummaryLine() { $base = parent::getSummaryLine(); $base .= ": page count - {$this->numPages}"; return $base; } public function getPrice() { return $this->price; } } $product1 = new CdProduct("cd1", "bob", "bobbleson", 4, 50 ); print $product1->getSummaryLine()."\n"; $product2 = new BookProduct("book1", "harry", "harrelson", 4, 30 ); print $product2->getSummaryLine()."\n"; ?>
출력:
cd1( bobbleson, bob ): 재생 시간 - 50
book1( harrelson , harry ): 페이지 수 - 30
설명: 속성은 여기에서 더욱 사유화되었으며 메소드를 통해서만 얻을 수 있습니다. 이는 안전을 보장합니다.
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