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Web Essentials之Bundling_html/css_WEB-ITnose

WBOY
풀어 주다: 2016-06-21 09:00:16
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返回Web Essentials功能目录

本篇目录

  • 介绍
  • 样例文件
  • 已知行为

这篇要讲的是Bundling,我看很多人把它翻译为捆绑,如果你喜欢你也可以这么理解,我是不太习惯,我还是喜欢它为bundling,或者bundle。

Bundling允许我们组合和压缩相同类型的文件来提升网站的性能。

啥是bundle?

Web Essentials的bundle文件是用于组合和压缩相同类型的一组文件的一个食谱,它可以限制浏览器将要下载的数据量。

Web Essentials提供了两种bundling类型:

  1. .bundle:用于CSS和JS文件 对于CSS,会输出一个XML类型的bundle食谱文件,一个目标CSS文件和一个源代码的压缩版本(前提是在该食谱文件中打开了minify选项)。
  2. .sprite:用于图片文件(png,jpg和gif)。 它生成了一个sprite(很多人翻译为精灵)图片,对于background属性中的所有坐标都具有样例代码的CSS,具有保持相同background属性的混淆的LESS和SASS文件和一个自定义的映射文件(json)。

如何制造一个bundle呢?

创建一个bundle的步骤和所有类型文件的步骤是相同的:

  • 在解决方案浏览器上,选择你想bundle在一起的文件。
  • web Essentials 的上下文菜单中,选择 Create image sprite... 或者 Create CSS/JS bundle file ,取决于你的上下文。
  • 为该bundle文件起一个名字。

它如何工作?

基本上,有两种方法来更新bundled的资产(就是放在bundle中的资源文件):

  1. 更改原料,比如.js,css或者图片。
  2. 更新bundle的菜谱文件。

样例文件

我刚才已经创建了一个bundle文件,名字为是默认的MyBundle。我将刚才生成的XML文件内容放在下面。可以看到,生成的XML文件已经自己注释好了,只不过是英文的注释。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><bundle xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://vswebessentials.com/schemas/v1/bundle.xsd">  <settings>    <!--Determines if the bundle file should be automatically optimized after creation/update.-->    <minify>true</minify>    <!--Determine whether to generate/re-generate this bundle on building the solution.-->    <runOnBuild>false</runOnBuild>    <!--Use absolute path in the generated CSS files. By default, the URLs are relative to generated bundled CSS file.-->    <adjustRelativePaths>true</adjustRelativePaths>    <!--Specifies a custom subfolder to save files to. By default, compiled output will be placed in the same folder and nested under the original file.-->    <outputDirectory />  </settings>  <!--The order of the <file> elements determines the order of the files in the bundle.-->  <files>    <file>/Content/themes/base/jquery-ui.css</file>    <file>/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.accordion.css</file>    <file>/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.all.css</file>  </files></bundle>
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下面我在创建一个sprite文件:

对应的XML类型的sprite文件内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><sprite xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://vswebessentials.com/schemas/v1/sprite.xsd">  <settings>    <!--Determines if the sprite image should be automatically optimized after creation/update.-->    <optimize>true</optimize>    <!--Determines the orientation of images to form this sprite. The value must be vertical or horizontal.-->    <orientation>vertical</orientation>    <!--The margin (in pixel) around and between the constituent images.-->    <margin>1</margin>    <!--File extension of sprite image.-->    <outputType>png</outputType>    <!--Determine whether to generate/re-generate this sprite on building the solution.-->    <runOnBuild>false</runOnBuild>    <!--Use full path to generate unique class or mixin name in CSS, LESS and SASS files. Consider disabling this if you want class names to be filename only.-->    <fullPathForIdentifierName>true</fullPathForIdentifierName>    <!--Use absolute path in the generated CSS-like files. By default, the URLs are relative to sprite image file (and the location of CSS, LESS and SCSS).-->    <useAbsoluteUrl>false</useAbsoluteUrl>    <!--Specifies a custom subfolder to save files to. By default, compiled output will be placed in the same folder and nested under the original file.-->    <outputDirectory />    <!--Specifies a custom subfolder to save CSS files to. By default, compiled output will be placed in the same folder and nested under the original file.-->    <outputDirectoryForCss />    <!--Specifies a custom subfolder to save LESS files to. By default, compiled output will be placed in the same folder and nested under the original file.-->    <outputDirectoryForLess />    <!--Specifies a custom subfolder to save SCSS files to. By default, compiled output will be placed in the same folder and nested under the original file.-->    <outputDirectoryForScss />  </settings>  <!--The order of the <file> elements determines the order of the images in the sprite.-->  <files>    <file>/Content/themes/base/images/ui-bg_flat_0_aaaaaa_40x100.png</file>    <file>/Content/themes/base/images/ui-bg_flat_75_ffffff_40x100.png</file>    <file>/Content/themes/base/images/ui-bg_glass_55_fbf9ee_1x400.png</file>  </files></sprite>
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已知行为

通用

当为一个目录生成一个bundle时,文件的列表来自文件系统,而不是该VS项目。因此,如果该目录包含的文件没有包括在项目中,它们也会包括在sprite中。为了阻止这种情况,必须手动选择所有的文件而不是该目录。

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