Detailed explanation of the principle of port reuse in Node.Js

const cluster = require('cluster');
const http = require('http');
const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length;

if (cluster.isMaster) {
 console.log(`Master ${process.pid} is running`);

 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) {
  cluster.fork();
 }

 cluster.on(&#39;exit&#39;, (worker, code, signal) => {
  console.log(`worker ${worker.process.pid} died`);
 });
} else {
 http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.writeHead(200);
  res.end(&#39;hello world\n&#39;);
 }).listen(8000);

 console.log(`Worker ${process.pid} started`);
}

// lib/net.js
'use strict';

 ...
Server.prototype.listen = function(...args) {
  ...
 if (options instanceof TCP) {
   this._handle = options;
   this[async_id_symbol] = this._handle.getAsyncId();
   listenInCluster(this, null, -1, -1, backlogFromArgs); // 注意这个方法调用了cluster模式下的处理办法
   return this;
  }
  ...
};

function listenInCluster(server, address, port, addressType,backlog, fd, exclusive) {
// 如果是master 进程或者没有开启cluster模式直接启动listen
if (cluster.isMaster || exclusive) {
  //_listen2,细心的人一定会发现为什么是listen2而不直接使用listen
 // _listen2 包裹了listen方法，如果是Worker进程，会调用被hack后的listen方法，从而避免出错端口被占用的错误
  server._listen2(address, port, addressType, backlog, fd);
  return;
 }
 const serverQuery = {
  address: address,
  port: port,
  addressType: addressType,
  fd: fd,
  flags: 0
 };

// 是fork 出来的进程，获取master上的handel,并且监听，
// 现在是不是很好奇_getServer方法做了什么
 cluster._getServer(server, serverQuery, listenOnMasterHandle);
}
 ...

// lib/internal/cluster/child.js
cluster._getServer = function(obj, options, cb) {
 // ...
 const message = util._extend({
  act: 'queryServer',  // 关键点：构建一个queryServer的消息
  index: indexes[indexesKey],
  data: null
 }, options);

 message.address = address;

// 发送queryServer消息给master进程，master 在收到这个消息后，会创建一个开始一个server，并且listen
 send(message, (reply, handle) => {
   rr(reply, indexesKey, cb);       // Round-robin.
 });

 obj.once('listening', () => {
  cluster.worker.state = 'listening';
  const address = obj.address();
  message.act = 'listening';
  message.port = address && address.port || options.port;
  send(message);
 });
};
 //...
 // Round-robin. Master distributes handles across workers.
function rr(message, indexesKey, cb) {
  if (message.errno) return cb(message.errno, null);
  var key = message.key;
  // 这里hack 了listen方法
  // 子进程调用的listen方法，就是这个，直接返回0，所以不会报端口被占用的错误
  function listen(backlog) {
    return 0;
  }
  // ...
  const handle = { close, listen, ref: noop, unref: noop };
  handles[key] = handle;
  // 这个cb 函数是net.js 中的listenOnMasterHandle 方法
  cb(0, handle);
}
// lib/net.js
/*
function listenOnMasterHandle(err, handle) {
  err = checkBindError(err, port, handle);
  server._handle = handle;
  // _listen2 函数中,调用的handle.listen方法，也就是上面被hack的listen
  server._listen2(address, port, addressType, backlog, fd);
 }
*/

// lib/internal/cluster/master.js
function queryServer(worker, message) {

  const args = [
    message.address,
    message.port,
    message.addressType,
    message.fd,
    message.index
  ];

  const key = args.join(':');
  var handle = handles[key];

  // 如果地址没被监听过，通过RoundRobinHandle监听开启服务
  if (handle === undefined) {
    var constructor = RoundRobinHandle;
    if (schedulingPolicy !== SCHED_RR ||
      message.addressType === 'udp4' ||
      message.addressType === 'udp6') {
      constructor = SharedHandle;
    }

    handles[key] = handle = new constructor(key,
      address,
      message.port,
      message.addressType,
      message.fd,
      message.flags);
  }

  // 如果地址已经被监听，直接绑定handel到已经监听到服务上，去消费请求
  // Set custom server data
  handle.add(worker, (errno, reply, handle) => {
    reply = util._extend({
      errno: errno,
      key: key,
      ack: message.seq,
      data: handles[key].data
    }, reply);

    if (errno)
      delete handles[key]; // Gives other workers a chance to retry.

    send(worker, reply, handle);
  });
}

// lib/internal/cluster/round_robin_handle.js

function RoundRobinHandle(key, address, port, addressType, fd) {

  this.server = net.createServer(assert.fail);

  if (fd >= 0)
    this.server.listen({ fd });
  else if (port >= 0)
    this.server.listen(port, address);
  else
    this.server.listen(address); // UNIX socket path.

  this.server.once('listening', () => {
    this.handle = this.server._handle;
    // 监听onconnection方法
    this.handle.onconnection = (err, handle) => this.distribute(err, handle);
    this.server._handle = null;
    this.server = null;
  });
}

RoundRobinHandle.prototype.add = function (worker, send) {
  // ...
};

RoundRobinHandle.prototype.remove = function (worker) {
  // ...
};

RoundRobinHandle.prototype.distribute = function (err, handle) {
  // 负载均衡地挑选出一个worker
  this.handles.push(handle);
  const worker = this.free.shift();
  if (worker) this.handoff(worker);
};

RoundRobinHandle.prototype.handoff = function (worker) {
  const handle = this.handles.shift();
  const message = { act: 'newconn', key: this.key };
  // 向work进程其发送newconn内部消息和客户端的句柄handle
  sendHelper(worker.process, message, handle, (reply) => {
  // ...
    this.handoff(worker);
  });
};

// lib/child.js
function onmessage(message, handle) {
  if (message.act === 'newconn')
   onconnection(message, handle);
  else if (message.act === 'disconnect')
   _disconnect.call(worker, true);
 }

// Round-robin connection.
// 接收连接，并且处理
function onconnection(message, handle) {
 const key = message.key;
 const server = handles[key];
 const accepted = server !== undefined;

 send({ ack: message.seq, accepted });

 if (accepted) server.onconnection(0, handle);
}