Java 開発: データベースのクエリと操作に JPA を使用する方法

@Entity
@Table(name = "user")
public class User {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    private String name;

    private String email;

    // 省略getter和setter
}

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {

    User findByName(String name);

    List<User> findByEmailContaining(String email);
}

@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;

// 查询所有用户
List<User> userList = userRepository.findAll();

// 根据ID查询用户
User user = userRepository.findById(1L).orElse(null);

// 根据名称查询用户
User user = userRepository.findByName("张三");

// 根据邮箱中包含的关键字查询用户
List<User> userList = userRepository.findByEmailContaining("gmail");

// 新增用户
User newUser = new User();
newUser.setName("李四");
newUser.setEmail("lisi@gmail.com");
userRepository.save(newUser);

// 更新用户
User user = userRepository.findById(1L).orElse(null);
if (user != null) {
    user.setEmail("newemail@gmail.com");
    userRepository.save(user);
}

// 删除用户
userRepository.deleteById(1L);