How do goroutines affect the behavior of golang functions?

Go routine allows Go functions to execute concurrently without blocking and share the same memory space. This affects the behavior of the function so that it can: execute concurrently, running individual tasks simultaneously. Non-blocking, does not wait for other functions to complete. Shared memory, global variables can be accessed and modified.

How Go Routine affects the behavior of Go functions

Go routine is one of the concurrency mechanisms in the Go language, which allows programs to Workers perform multiple tasks concurrently. This allows programs to more efficiently utilize the computer's multiple cores.

How to create a Go Routine

To create a Go routine, you use the go keyword. For example, the following code creates a new Go routine that will print messages to channel:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    // 创建一个 channel
    ch := make(chan string)

    // 创建一个 Go routine 并将其作为一个新线程执行
    go func() {
        ch <- "Hello World!"
    }()

    // 从 channel 读取消息
    msg := <-ch
    fmt.Println(msg)
}

Go Routine's impact on function behavior

Go routines have the following effects on the behavior of functions:

• Concurrent execution: Go routines allow functions to execute concurrently, meaning they can run at the same time.
• Non-blocking: Go routines are non-blocking, which means they do not wait for other functions to complete.
• Shared memory: Go routines share the same memory space, so they can access and modify global variables.

Practical Case

The following is a practical case showing how Go routine affects function behavior:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync/atomic"
    "runtime"
)

var counter uint64

func main() {
    // 创建 100 个 Go routine
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        go func() {
            atomic.AddUint64(&counter, 1)
        }()
    }

    // 等待所有 Go routine 完成
    runtime.Gosched()

    fmt.Println("Counter:", counter)
}

In this example, we 100 Go routines are created, each Go routine increments a global variable counter. Since Go routines execute concurrently, they can increment counter at the same time, which can cause data race issues.

To solve this problem, we use the AddUint64 function in the sync/atomic package, which is an atomic operation and ensures safe updates under concurrent circumstancescounter value.

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