How to deal with files and streams in C++ function library?

File and stream processing are key elements of the C function library for processing files and streams. The library provides the concept of streams, allowing access to a unified interface for different data types. File operations include opening, closing, reading and writing files. Practical cases show how to read files and print to the terminal. Additionally, string streams allow string data to be managed in memory, for example by reading and storing data into a string stream and then reading data from the stream.

Guidelines for handling files and streams in the C library

In C, the standard function library provides a wealth of functions to Process files and streams. This guide will introduce basic concepts, common functions, and practical cases to help you master file and stream operations.

Streams

A stream is a source or destination of data, allowing access to different data types through a unified interface. Stream types in C include:

ifstream：从文件中读取数据
ofstream：向文件中写入数据
stringstream：在内存中管理字符串数据

File operations

• ##Opening and closing files:

  ifstream file("myfile.txt");
  file.close();

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• Reading and writing files:

  file >> myString;
  file << myString;

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Practical case

Read the file and print to the terminal:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

int main() {
  // 打开文件
  ifstream file("myfile.txt");

  // 检查打开是否成功
  if (!file.is_open()) {
    std::cerr << "Error opening file" << std::endl;
    return 1;
  }

  // 逐行读取文件并打印到终端
  std::string line;
  while (std::getline(file, line)) {
    std::cout << line << std::endl;
  }

  // 关闭文件
  file.close();
  return 0;
}

Use string stream:

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>

int main() {
  // 创建字符串流
  stringstream ss;

  // 向字符串流写入数据
  ss << "Hello" << " " << "World" << "!" << std::endl;

  // 从字符串流读取数据
  std::string output;
  ss >> output;

  // 打印输出
  std::cout << output;
  return 0;
}

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