What are the key components of the Java Spring framework architecture?

Architectural Key Components of Java Spring Framework

The Spring Framework adopts a layered architecture that decomposes functions into modular components. These components work together to manage various aspects of the application, such as dependency injection, configuration, data access, and web application development.

Core Components:

• ApplicationContext: The central hub of the application, which is responsible for managing beans, connecting to data sources, and coordinating components Interaction.
• Bean: Reusable component used to encapsulate the business logic and state of the application.
• Dependency Injection: Simplify connections between application components by automatically injecting dependencies into beans.
• AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming): A technique for cross-cutting concerns such as security, transactions, and logging.

Web Component:

• DispatcherServlet: Handles HTTP requests and dispatches requests to controllers based on the URL path.
• Controller: Handles HTTP requests and returns views or redirects to other URLs.
• View Resolver: Determines the type and location of the view to be presented to the user.

Data Access Component:

• JdbcTemplate: A high-level abstraction layer for JDBC that simplifies database interaction.
• Hibernate: An object-relational mapping (ORM) framework that manages the relationships between objects and database records.
• JPA (Java Persistence API): Standardizes object persistence and is implemented by Hibernate and other implementations.

Practical case:

Configuration bean:

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {

    @Bean
    public MyService myService() {
        return new MyService();
    }
}

Controller operation:

@Controller
public class MyController {

    @Autowired
    private MyService myService;

    @RequestMapping("/my-endpoint")
    public String handleEndpoint() {
        myService.doSomething();
        return "my-view";
    }
}

Data Access:

@Repository
public class UserRepository {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public List<User> findAll() {
        return jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT * FROM users", (rs, rowNum) -> new User(rs));
    }
}

With these core components and Web and data access components, the Spring Framework provides a strong foundation for building robust and maintainable Java applications.

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