How to implement parameterized types using C++ function templates?

Using C function templates to implement parameterized types Introduction Function templates can handle different types of common functions. Parameterized types take function templates a step further and can accept parameters of different types. Code example: 1. Define the function template print_pair(T, U) to handle pairs of different types. 2. Call print_pair in the main function, passing in pairs of different types: - integer and floating point. - Strings and vectors. 3. Function templates automatically generate type-specific code. Practical scenarios: - Common data structures. - Extensible API. - Avoid code duplication.

How to use C function templates to implement parameterized types

Introduction

Function Templates allow you to create general functions that can handle different types of data. Using parameterized types, you can take function templates to the next level, allowing functions to not only accept different types of data, but also different types.

Code Example

The following code example demonstrates how to use function templates to implement parameterized types:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

template <typename T, typename U>
void print_pair(T first, U second) {
  std::cout << "First: " << first << ", Second: " << second << std::endl;
}

int main() {
  // 例子 1：打印整型和浮点型对
  print_pair(10, 3.14);

  // 例子 2：打印字符串和向量的对
  std::vector<int> vec{1, 2, 3};
  print_pair("Names", vec);

  return 0;
}

Explanation

print_pair The template parameters of the function T and U represent the different types to be processed. In the main function, we call the print_pair function twice, providing different type pairs:

1. The first call passes the int and double types.
2. The second call passes string and vector types.

Function templates automatically generate type-specific code based on the supplied argument types. This way, we can use one function to handle pairs of different types without having to write a separate function for each type combination.

Practical Case

Function template parameterized types are useful in many practical scenarios, such as:

• General Data Structures: You can create general containers or algorithms that can handle different types of data, such as hash tables or sorting algorithms.
• Extensible API: You can create APIs that accommodate new data types without breaking existing interfaces.
• Avoid code duplication: You can avoid writing similar code repeatedly for different types.

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