In-depth understanding of SQL operations in Go language

In today's software development field, database operations are a very important part. As a fast and efficient programming language, Go language also provides a rich and convenient library for SQL operations, which can easily interact with various types of databases. This article will start from the basics, gradually introduce in-depth knowledge related to SQL operations in the Go language, and give specific code examples.

1. Connect to the database

In the Go language, we usually use the database/sql package and the corresponding database driver to connect to the database. First, you need to import the relevant libraries:

import (
    "database/sql"
    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

2. Connect to the MySQL database

func ConnectDB() (*sql.DB, error) {
    // 数据库连接信息
    dsn := "root:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/dbname"

    // 打开数据库连接
    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", dsn)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    // 检查数据库连接
    if err = db.Ping(); err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    return db, nil
}

3. Execute SQL query

func QueryDB(db *sql.DB) {
    rows, err := db.Query("SELECT id, name FROM users")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Failed to query database:", err)
        return
    }
    defer rows.Close()

    var id int
    var name string
    for rows.Next() {
        if err := rows.Scan(&id, &name); err != nil {
            fmt.Println("Failed to scan rows:", err)
            return
        }
        fmt.Println("ID:", id, "Name:", name)
    }
}

4. Perform SQL insertion operation

func InsertDB(db *sql.DB, name string) error {
    _, err := db.Exec("INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES (?)", name)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    return nil
}

5. Complete example

func main() {
    db, err := ConnectDB()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("Failed to connect database:", err)
    }
    defer db.Close()

    // 执行查询操作
    QueryDB(db)

    // 执行插入操作
    err = InsertDB(db, "Alice")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("Failed to insert into database:", err)
    }
}

Through the above code examples, we can see how to connect to the database, perform queries and insert operations in the Go language. Of course, in addition to MySQL, the Go language also supports a variety of databases (such as PostgreSQL, SQLite, etc.). You only need to replace the corresponding driver to achieve interaction with other databases. I hope this article can help readers gain a deeper understanding of SQL operations in Go language.

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