The wonders of Golang coroutines: exploring how they work

Golang is a programming language that supports concurrent programming. Its goroutine is one of its concurrent programming features. It has simple logic, lightweight, efficient use of multi-core and ease of use. Advantages of use. This article will explore the working principle of Golang coroutines and demonstrate its wonders through specific code examples.

What is a coroutine?

Coroutine is a lightweight thread, scheduled by the runtime system of the Go language. Coroutines are much cheaper to create and destroy than operating system threads, so they can be used in large numbers. In the Go language, you can use the keyword go to create a coroutine, for example:

func main() {
    gomyFunction()
}

How coroutines work

When using the go keyword to create a coroutine, the Go language runtime system will allocate some resources to the coroutine and Add it to the scheduler to manage it. The scheduler is responsible for allocating CPU time and processing blocked coroutines according to certain rules. Each coroutine is a lightweight thread that can execute concurrently on one or more threads.

It is worth noting that Golang’s coroutines use user-level threads and are not directly mapped to operating system threads, so a large number of coroutines can be created without exhausting system resources.

Example of coroutine

The following uses a specific code example to demonstrate the use and effect of coroutine:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func printNumbers() {
    for i := 1; i <= 5; i {
        fmt.Println(i)
        time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
    }
}

func printLetters() {
    for i := 'a'; i <= 'e'; i {
        fmt.Printf("%c
", i)
        time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
    }
}

func main() {
    go printNumbers()
    go printLetters()

    time.Sleep(6 * time.Second)
}

In the above example, we defined two functions printNumbers and printLetters, which print numbers 1 to 5 and letters 'a' to 'e' respectively. . Use the go keyword to put these two functions into different coroutines for concurrent execution. Finally, the Sleep function is used to stay for enough time to ensure the execution of the coroutine.

Run the above code, you will find that numbers and letters are printed alternately. This is because the coroutines are executed concurrently instead of sequentially.

Summary

Through the above introduction and examples, we understand the working principle of Golang coroutine and its wonders. The lightweight, efficient use of multi-core, and ease of use of coroutines give the Go language significant advantages in the field of concurrent programming. By taking full advantage of coroutines, we can write concurrent programs more efficiently and achieve better performance and maintainability. I hope this article will help you understand Golang coroutines.

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