What are the similarities and differences between C language and C

What are the similarities and differences between C language and C

C language and C are two widely used programming languages. They are both structured programming languages ​​and have many similarities, but there are also some obvious differences. This article will analyze the similarities and differences between C language and C, and provide specific code examples for comparison.

1. Similarities:

1. Basic syntax: The basic syntax of C language and C is composed of keywords, identifiers, operators, and constants It is composed of basic elements such as variables and variables, so the two have many similarities in grammatical structure.
2. Data types: Both C language and C include basic data types (int, float, char, etc.) and composite data types (arrays, structures, pointers, etc.). These data types There are similar usages in both languages.
3. Control structure: Conditional statements (if-else), loop statements (for, while) and selection statements (switch) are basically used in the same way in C language and C. They all use to control the flow of the program.
4. Function: Functions play an important role in both C language and C. Programmers can customize functions to encapsulate specific functions and achieve modularization and reuse of code.

2. Differences:

1. Object-oriented: C is a language that supports object-oriented programming, while C language is procedural programming language. C has object-oriented features such as classes, inheritance, and polymorphism, but these features are not available in the C language.
2. Encapsulation: C supports class encapsulation. Data hiding and method encapsulation can be achieved through access control characters, but this kind of encapsulation cannot be achieved in C language.
3. Polymorphism: C supports polymorphism and can implement function overloading and operator overloading, but these features are not supported in the C language.
4. Exception handling: C introduces an exception handling mechanism, which can capture and handle exceptions through try-catch blocks, but there is no exception handling mechanism in the C language.

The following uses specific code examples to illustrate the differences between C language and C:

C language example:

#include <stdio.h>

//Structure definition
struct Person {
    char name[20];
    int age;
};

int main() {
    struct Person person1;
    strcpy(person1.name, "Alice");
    person1.age = 25;

    printf("Name: %s, Age: %d
", person1.name, person1.age);

    return 0;
}

C Example:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

// class definition
class Person {
public:
    string name;
    int age;
    Person(string n, int a) : name(n), age(a) {}
};

int main() {
    Person person1("Alice", 25);

    cout << "Name: " << person1.name << ", Age: " << person1.age << endl;

    return 0;
}

As can be seen from the above examples, classes are used in C to implement data encapsulation and method encapsulation, while structures are used in C language to organize data, and object-oriented operations such as encapsulation and inheritance cannot be performed.

In summary, there are many similarities between C language and C, but there are also obvious differences. Programmers need to weigh them based on actual needs and project characteristics when choosing to use them.

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