Practical suggestions and precautions for Golang inheritance methods

Tips and precautions for using inheritance methods in Golang

In Golang, inheritance is a very important object-oriented programming concept. Through inheritance, you can create a new type and give it access to the properties and methods of the parent type. This article will introduce the tips and precautions for using inheritance methods in Golang, with specific code examples.

1. Basic concepts of inheritance methods

In Golang, inheritance is implemented through embedded types. We can embed a structure within another structure, so that the embedded structure can access the properties and methods of the embedded structure, thus achieving inheritance.

The following is a sample code that shows how to implement inheritance through embedded structures:

package main

import "fmt"

// 父类型
type Animal struct {
    Name string
}

// 父类型的方法
func (a *Animal) SayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, I am", a.Name)
}

// 子类型
type Cat struct {
    Animal // 嵌入Animal结构体
    Age    int
}

func main() {
    cat := Cat{
        Animal: Animal{Name: "Tom"},
        Age:    2,
    }

    cat.SayHello() // 调用Animal的SayHello方法

    fmt.Println("I am", cat.Name, "and", cat.Age, "years old")
}

In the above code, we define an Animal parent type and an Cat subtype, and embed the Animal structure into the Cat structure. The Cat structure inherits the properties and methods of the Animal structure. By calling cat.SayHello(), we can see that the object instantiated by Cat type calls the SayHello method of the parent type Animal.

2. Tips for inheriting methods

1. Overriding parent type methods

In subtypes, you can override the methods of the parent type. By overriding the methods of the parent type, you can customize specific behavior in the subtype.

The following is a sample code that shows how to override the methods of the parent type in the child type:

package main

import "fmt"

// 父类型
type Animal struct {
    Name string
}

// 父类型的方法
func (a *Animal) SayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, I am", a.Name)
}

// 子类型
type Cat struct {
    Animal
    Age int
}

// 重写父类型的方法
func (c *Cat) SayHello() {
    fmt.Println("喵喵，我是", c.Name)
}

func main() {
    cat := Cat{
        Animal: Animal{Name: "Tom"},
        Age:    2,
    }

    cat.SayHello() // 调用子类型的SayHello方法
}

In the above code, we override the parent type Animal# The SayHello method of ## outputs specific content in the SayHello method of the subtype Cat. By calling cat.SayHello(), we can see that the instantiated object of subtype Cat calls the overridden method.

Subtype accesses parent type methods

package main

import "fmt"

type Person struct {
    Name string
}

func (p *Person) SayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, I am", p.Name)
}

type Student struct {
    Person
    School string
}

func (s *Student) SayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hi, I am", s.Name, "from", s.School)
}

func main() {
    student := Student{
        Person: Person{Name: "Tom"},
        School: "ABC School",
    }

    student.SayHello()   // 调用Student的SayHello方法
    student.Person.SayHello() // 通过子类型访问父类型的SayHello方法
}

Person parent type and a Student subtype, and embed Person into the Student structure. The subtype Student overrides the SayHello method of the parent type Person. By calling student.SayHello() we can see that the method of the subtype is called, but by calling student.Person.SayHello() we can access the method of the parent type.

Embedded structures should follow the naming convention of capital letters

Avoid the ambiguity of methods with the same name

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