How to configure and manage a web server on Linux

How to configure and manage a Web server on Linux

As an operation and maintenance personnel or developer, configuring and managing a Web server on Linux is a very important skill . In this article, we will introduce how to configure and manage a web server using Apache and Nginx, and provide code examples.

1. Use Apache to configure and manage Web servers

Apache is a widely used Web server that can efficiently provide Web services on Linux. The following is the installation method and common configuration examples of Apache.

1. Install Apache

On CentOS distribution, you can use the following command to install Apache:

sudo yum install httpd

On Debian distribution, you can use the following command to install ：

sudo apt-get install apache2

2. Configuring Apache

After installing Apache, you need to perform some basic configuration to ensure that the Web server can run normally.

2.1 Modify the main configuration file

The path of the main configuration file is /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf. In this file, you can modify commonly used configuration items, such as listening ports, virtual hosts, document root directories, etc.

The following are examples of some commonly used configuration items:

Modify the listening port:

Listen 80

Add a virtual host:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www.example.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com
</VirtualHost>

Modify the document root directory:

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
<Directory "/var/www/html">
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

2.2 Create a virtual host

Creating a virtual host for a Web server is a very useful function, which allows the same server to run multiple different websites. Here is an example of how to create a basic virtual host:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www.example.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com
    ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/example.com-error_log
    CustomLog /var/log/httpd/example.com-access_log combined
</VirtualHost>

Where * means listening for requests on all network interfaces. ServerName represents the domain name or IP address corresponding to the virtual host. DocumentRoot represents the file directory corresponding to the virtual host. ErrorLog is used to record server error information, and CustomLog is used to record access logs.

2. Use Nginx to configure and manage the web server

Nginx is a high-performance web server that supports multiple protocols, such as HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, POP3, etc. The following is the installation method and common configuration examples of Nginx.

1. Install Nginx

On CentOS distribution, you can use the following command to install Nginx:

sudo yum install nginx

On Debian distribution, you can use the following command to install ：

sudo apt-get install nginx

2. Configure Nginx

After installing Nginx, some basic configuration is required to ensure that the web server can run normally.

2.1 Modify the main configuration file

The path of the main configuration file is /etc/nginx/nginx.conf. In this file, you can modify commonly used configuration items, such as listening ports, virtual hosts, document root directories, etc.

The following are examples of some commonly used configuration items:

Modify the listening port:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
}

Add a virtual host:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.example.com;
    root /var/www/example.com;
}

Modify the document root directory:

location / {
    root /var/www/html;
    index index.html index.htm;
}

2.2 Create a virtual host

In Nginx, the virtual host is called the server block. The following is an example of how to create a basic virtual host:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.example.com;
    root /var/www/example.com;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/example.com-error.log;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/example.com-access.log combined;
}

Among them, listen represents the listening port, server_name represents the domain name or IP address corresponding to the virtual host, root represents the file directory corresponding to the virtual host, and error_log uses To record server error information, access_log is used to record access logs.

Summary

In this article, we introduced how to configure and manage a web server using Apache and Nginx, and provided code examples. Whether using Apache or Nginx, configuring and managing a web server are very basic and important skills. Hope this article is helpful to readers.

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