How to use middleware for user authentication in Laravel

How to use middleware for user authentication in Laravel

User authentication is a very important part when developing web applications. Laravel provides a simple yet effective way to implement user authentication, using middleware. This article will introduce how to use middleware for user authentication in Laravel and provide specific code examples.

First, we need to create a middleware for user authentication. In Laravel, you can use the following command to quickly create a middleware:

php artisan make:middleware Authenticate

After executing the above command, Laravel will automatically create a middleware named Authenticate and save it in app/Http/ Middleware directory. Open the file, we can see the middleware code as follows:

<?php

namespace AppHttpMiddleware;

use Closure;
use IlluminateHttpRequest;

class Authenticate
{
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next)
    {
        if (!auth()->check()) {
            return redirect()->route('login');
        }

        return $next($request);
    }
}

In the above code, the handle method is the core logic of the middleware. First, we use the auth()->check() method to check if the user has been authenticated. If the user is not authenticated, the user is redirected to the login page. Here we assume that the route name of the login page is login. If the user is authenticated, the request is passed to the next middleware.

Next, we need to add the middleware to the application’s routes. Open the app/Http/Kernel.php file and add the following code in the $routeMiddleware array:

'auth' => AppHttpMiddlewareAuthenticate::class,

Now, we can add the following code to the route that requires user authentication Use auth middleware. For example, assuming we have a dashboard route that requires user authentication, we can add the following code in the routes/web.php file:

use AppHttpControllersDashboardController;

// 使用auth中间件保护dashboard路由
Route::get('/dashboard', [DashboardController::class, 'index'])->middleware('auth');

In the above code , we use the middleware('auth') method to apply the auth middleware to the /dashboard route. This way, when a user accesses that route, the middleware will automatically authenticate.

In addition to using middleware in routing, we can also use middleware in the constructor in the controller. For example, assuming we have a controller DashboardController that requires user authentication, we can add the following code in the constructor of that controller:

namespace AppHttpControllers;

use IlluminateHttpRequest;

class DashboardController extends Controller
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('auth');
    }

    public function index()
    {
        // 控制器的其他逻辑
    }
}

In the above code, we use ## The #$this->middleware('auth') method applies auth middleware to the constructor of DashboardController. This way, the middleware will authenticate whenever the user accesses any method in the controller.

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