Application of Python script operations in Linux server maintenance

Application of Python scripts in Linux server maintenance - specific code examples

Abstract:
With the development of Internet technology, the Linux operating system is used in server maintenance Played a very important role. This article explains how to use Python scripts to automate common tasks in Linux server maintenance to increase efficiency. At the same time, we provide some specific code examples to explain how to write these scripts using Python.

1. Introduction
   In modern server management, people need to perform a series of tasks, such as backing up files, monitoring system status, regularly cleaning logs, etc. To increase efficiency, automation tools and scripts become an important part of server management. As a high-level programming language, Python's ease of use and powerful features make it the choice for writing these automation scripts.
2. Data Backup
   Important data in the server needs to be backed up regularly to prevent data loss. The following code example shows how to use a Python script to implement a simple data backup:

import shutil
import datetime

# 设置源文件和目标目录
source_dir = '/var/www/html'
target_dir = '/backup'

# 在目标目录中创建以当前日期为名称的子目录
current_date = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d")
target_path = target_dir + '/' + current_date
os.makedirs(target_path)

# 复制源目录到目标目录中
shutil.copytree(source_dir, target_path)

The above code uses the copytree() function in the shutil library to copy files and subdirectories in the source directory to the target directory. . By getting the current date and using it as a subdirectory name, you can easily manage and differentiate backup data of different dates.

3. System monitoring
   In order to ensure the normal operation of the server, the system status needs to be monitored in real time. The following is a simple code example that uses Python scripts to monitor system load and memory usage:

import os
import psutil

# 获取系统负载平均值和内存使用情况
avg_load = os.getloadavg()
mem_usage = psutil.virtual_memory()

# 打印监控结果
print("系统负载：", avg_load)
print("内存使用情况：", mem_usage)

The os and psutil libraries are used in the above code to obtain the system load average by calling the corresponding functions. and memory usage. By printing these monitoring results, you can understand the running status of the server at any time.

4. Log Cleaning
   Log files on the server usually take up a lot of disk space. In order to free up disk space, expired log files need to be cleaned regularly. The following is a simple code example that uses a Python script to automatically clean up log files:

import os
import glob

# 定义日志文件目录和最大保留天数
log_dir = '/var/log'
max_days = 30

# 获取当前日期
current_date = datetime.datetime.now()

# 遍历日志文件并删除过期的文件
for file_path in glob.glob(log_dir + '/*.log'):
    file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)
    file_date_str = file_name.split('.')[0]
    file_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(file_date_str, "%Y%m%d")
    
    # 计算文件的存储天数
    delta = current_date - file_date
    file_age = delta.days
    
    # 如果文件的存储天数超过最大保留天数，则删除
    if file_age > max_days:
        os.remove(file_path)

In the above code, the storage directory and maximum retention days of the log files are first defined. Then, calculate the number of days the file has been stored by looping through the log file and parsing the date information in the file name. If a file is stored for more than the maximum retention days, the file is deleted.

5. Summary
   This article introduces how to use Python scripts to automate common tasks in Linux server maintenance, including data backup, system monitoring, and log cleaning. By using Python to write scripts, you can improve the efficiency of server maintenance. I believe that the specific code examples provided in this article can help readers better understand how to implement scripts.

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