Golang's engineering practice: how to organize project structure and modules?

Golang’s engineering practice: How to organize project structure and modules?

Introduction:

With the widespread application of Golang in the development field, more and more developers are beginning to pay attention to how to better implement engineering practices for Golang projects. One of the key aspects is how to organize the project structure and modules. In this article, we will explore some common best practices to help developers better organize their Golang projects.

1. Overview

Good project structure and module design are the keys to an efficient, maintainable and scalable project. Before we start organizing the project structure, we need to clarify the needs and goals of the project. This can help us better plan the structure and modules of the project. Here are some general best practices:

1. Project structure:

When organizing a Golang project structure, the following is a common directory structure:

- main.go
- cmd/
  - yourapp/
    - main.go
- pkg/
  - yourpkg/
    - yourpkg.go
- internal/
  - yourinternalpkg/
    - yourinternalpkg.go
- api/
  - yourapi/
    - yourapi.go
- web/
  - yourweb/
    - yourweb.go
- internal/
  - yourinternalpkg/
    - yourinternalpkg.go
- utils/
  - yourutils/
    - yourutils.go
- configs/
  - config.go
  - config.yaml
- tests/
  - yourtest/
    - yourtest.go

Main directory description:

• main.go: Project entry file.
• cmd/yourapp/: Used to store application-related code.
• pkg/yourpkg/: Used to store importable packages related to applications.
• internal/yourinternalpkg/: used to store internal packages related to the application (cannot be imported).
• api/yourapi/: Used to store API-related code and documents.
• web/yourweb/: Used to store Web-related code.
• internal/yourinternalpkg/: used to store internal packages related to the application (cannot be imported).
• utils/yourutils/: Used to store reusable tool functions.
• configs/: Used to store project configuration files.
• tests/yourtest/: used to store the test code of the project.

2. Module division:

Modular projects help improve the readability and maintainability of the code. In Golang, we can use packages to achieve modularity. Here are some best practices for module partitioning:

• Put code for related functionality in the same package. This allows for better organization of code and easier reuse.
• If the function of a package is complex, consider splitting it into multiple sub-packages. Each sub-package is responsible for different functions.
• Put code closely related to external dependencies in separate packages. This allows for better management and updating of dependencies.
• Use meaningful package names to better describe its functions and uses.

2. Sample project structure and module division

In order to better illustrate the practice of project structure and module division, we take a sample project as an example.

1. Project introduction:

Suppose we are developing a back-end system for an online book mall. The system needs to handle user registration, login, browsing, purchase, search and other functions.

2. Project structure and module division:

According to the above best practices, we can organize the project into the following structure:

- main.go
- cmd/
  - bookstore/
    - main.go
- pkg/
  - auth/
    - auth.go
  - user/
    - user.go
  - book/
    - book.go
  - cart/
    - cart.go
- internal/
  - db/
    - db.go
- api/
  - auth/
    - auth.go
  - user/
    - user.go
  - book/
    - book.go
- web/
  - yourweb/
    - yourweb.go
- configs/
  - config.go
  - config.yaml
- tests/
  - auth/
    - auth_test.go
  - user/
    - user_test.go
  - book/
    - book_test.go

3. Module function description:

• auth/: Responsible for user authentication and authorization functions.
• user/: Responsible for user management functions.
• book/: Responsible for the function of book management.
• cart/: Responsible for the management of the shopping cart function.
• db/: Responsible for the function of interacting with the database.
• api/: Function responsible for handling interaction with external APIs.
• web/: Function responsible for handling interaction with the web interface.

3. Summary

Reasonable project structure and module division are very important for the engineering practice of Golang project. In this article, we introduce some common best practices, including the organization of project structures and the division of module functions. By following these best practices, developers can better manage and maintain their Golang projects, improving the project's readability, maintainability, and scalability. I hope this article will be helpful to you in the engineering practice of Golang project!

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