Detailed explanation of the functions and advantages of MySQL master-slave replication in cluster technology

Detailed explanation of the functions and advantages of MySQL master-slave replication in cluster technology

1. Introduction
   MySQL is a powerful relational database management System, widely used in various large-scale websites and applications. As the amount of data increases and access requests increase, the pressure on a single MySQL server gradually increases. In order to improve the performance and reliability of the database, people begin to adopt cluster technology, among which MySQL master-slave replication is one of the commonly used technologies. means.
2. MySQL master-slave replication principle
   MySQL master-slave replication refers to copying data from one MySQL master database to multiple slave databases to form a master-slave replication cluster. The master library is responsible for processing write operations (such as insert, update, delete), while the slave library is responsible for read operations. The operating mechanism of master-slave replication is mainly divided into the following steps:

(1) The master library records write operations into the binary log (Binary Log);
(2) Slave library connection The main library, by reading and parsing the binary log, repeatedly executes the write operation of the main library on the slave library;
(3) After the slave library completes the execution, it feeds back the execution position to the main library, and the main library updates the binary based on the feedback The location of the log;
(4) The slave library periodically polls the main library to obtain new binary log content.

The cluster architecture using master-slave replication can realize the separation of reading and writing data and improve the performance and availability of the database.

3. The functions and advantages of master-slave replication in cluster technology
   (1) Read and write separation: By assigning the master library to be responsible for write operations and the slave library to be responsible for read operations, the workload of the master library can be effectively shared load pressure. Slave libraries can be deployed on different physical servers to provide higher read performance, and slave library instances can be dynamically added based on demand to achieve a scalable cluster architecture.

(2) Fault redundancy: When the main database fails, it can quickly switch to a slave database as the new main database to ensure high availability of the system. At the same time, after the master database fails, the slave database can continue to provide forward services to avoid service interruption.

(3) Data backup: Real-time backup of data can be achieved through master-slave replication. When the data in the master database is damaged or lost, the data can be quickly restored through the slave database. At the same time, the slave library can be used for data analysis, report generation and other scenarios to avoid additional load on the main library.

4. Code Example
   The following is a simple code example that demonstrates how to configure master-slave replication in MySQL.

(1) Main library configuration:

# 在主库的配置文件（my.cnf）中添加以下内容
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin  # 启用二进制日志
server-id=1        # 主库的唯一标识

# 重启MySQL服务来使配置生效

(2) Slave library configuration:

# 在从库的配置文件（my.cnf）中添加以下内容
[mysqld]
server-id=2  # 从库的唯一标识

# 重启MySQL服务来使配置生效

(3) Slave library connected to the main library:
Execute the following SQL statement on the slave database:

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='主库IP地址', MASTER_USER='复制用户', MASTER_PASSWORD='复制用户密码', MASTER_LOG_FILE='主库二进制日志文件名', MASTER_LOG_POS=主库二进制日志位置;

5. Summary
   MySQL master-slave replication plays important functions and advantages in cluster technology. Through master-slave replication, functions such as read-write separation, fault redundancy, and data backup can be achieved to improve database performance and availability. In actual applications, according to business needs and data scale, instances of slave databases can be dynamically added or reduced as needed, and the scale and performance of the cluster can be flexibly adjusted. At the same time, configuring master-slave replication is also a relatively simple operation, which can quickly deploy and manage MySQL clusters and provide support for the stable operation of applications.

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