How to use the super() function in Python to call the method of the parent class

How to use the super() function to call the method of the parent class in Python

In Python, we often have the need to inherit the parent class. When a subclass needs to perform some special operations based on inheriting from the parent class, we need to call the parent class's method. In Python, we can use the super() function to achieve this purpose.

The super() function is a special method in Python for calling parent class methods. It allows us to call the parent class's method through the super() function in the subclass without explicitly specifying the name of the parent class. This calling method helps code reuse and maintenance.

Below, we will use a simple example to demonstrate the process of using the super() function to call the parent class method. Suppose we have an animal class Animal, and a dog class Dog that inherits from Animal class. We want the dog class to be able to call the methods of the parent class animal.

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def speak(self):
        print("动物发出声音")

class Dog(Animal):
    def __init__(self, name, breed):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.breed = breed

    def speak(self):
        super().speak()
        print("狗叫")

# 创建一个狗的实例
my_dog = Dog("旺财", "哈士奇")
my_dog.speak()

In the above code, we first define an animal class Animal, which has a speak() method for printing the sound the animal makes, and saving the animal's name during initialization.

Then, we define a dog class Dog, which inherits from the animal class Animal. In the initialization method of the dog class, we use the super() function to call the initialization method of the parent class to obtain and save the name of the animal. Next, we defined a speak() method, in which we called the speak() method of the parent animal through super().speak(), and then printed "dog barking".

Finally, we create an instance of dog my_dog and call its speak() method. Running this code, the output is as follows:

动物发出声音
狗叫

As can be seen from the output, the my_dog instance first calls the speak() method of the parent animal, and then outputs "dog barking". This shows that we successfully used the super() function to call the method of the parent class.

It is worth noting that the name of the parent class does not need to be specified in the parameters of the super() function. It will automatically find the parent class based on the class definition of the subclass. This is particularly useful in multiple inheritance situations, as it automatically calls each parent class's methods in the order in which they are resolved.

To sum up, using the super() function allows us to easily call the methods of the parent class to achieve code reuse and maintenance. We only need to use the super() function in the subclass to call the method of the parent class, and there is no need to explicitly specify the name of the parent class. This is a convenient way to inherit from a parent class in Python, and can be applied in multiple inheritance scenarios.

The above is the detailed content of How to use the super() function in Python to call the method of the parent class. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!