Detailed explanation of inter-process communication and resource sharing of swoole development functions

Detailed explanation of inter-process communication and resource sharing of swoole development functions

In concurrent programming, inter-process communication (IPC) and resource sharing are two important concepts. In order to achieve high concurrency and high performance applications, programmers need to effectively manage inter-process communication and resource sharing. In PHP development, the swoole extension provides powerful functions that can help us achieve inter-process communication and resource sharing needs.

1. Inter-process communication

In concurrent programming, inter-process communication is an indispensable part, which allows data exchange and synchronization between different processes. Swoole provides a variety of inter-process communication methods, including pipes, message queues, shared memory, signals, etc.

1. Pipeline communication

Pipeline is a method of inter-process communication, which allows two-way communication between parent and child processes. In swoole, we can use the pipe method in the swoole_process class to create a pipe, use the write method to write data to the pipe, and the read method to read data from the pipe.

The sample code is as follows:

$process = new swoole_process(function(swoole_process $worker) {
    $data = $worker->read(); // 从管道读取数据
    echo "收到数据：" . $data . PHP_EOL;
});

$process->start();
$process->write("Hello World!"); // 向管道写入数据
$process->wait(); // 等待子进程结束

2. Message queue communication

Message queue is a method of inter-process communication, which implements inter-process communication through an intermediate agent data exchange. In swoole, we can use the msgQueue method in the swoole_process class to create a message queue, use the push method to push data to the queue, and use the pop method to remove data from the queue.

The sample code is as follows:

$process = new swoole_process(function(swoole_process $worker) {
    $msgQueue = new SwooleMsgQueue(1234); // 创建消息队列
    $data = $msgQueue->pop(); // 从队列取出数据
    echo "收到数据：" . $data . PHP_EOL;
});

$process->start();
$msgQueue->push("Hello World!"); // 推送数据到队列
$process->wait(); // 等待子进程结束

3. Shared memory communication

Shared memory is an efficient inter-process communication method, which can enable multiple processes to share the same memory area. In swoole, we can use the sharedMemory method in the swoole_process class to create a shared memory, use the write method to write data to the memory, and the read method to read data from the memory.

The sample code is as follows:

$process = new swoole_process(function(swoole_process $worker) {
    $shmId = shmop_open(1234, "w", 0666, 1024); // 创建共享内存
    $data = shmop_read($shmId, 0, 1024); // 读取共享内存数据
    echo "收到数据：" . $data . PHP_EOL;
    shmop_close($shmId); // 关闭共享内存
});

$process->start();
$shmId = shmop_open(1234, "c", 0666, 1024); // 创建共享内存
shmop_write($shmId, "Hello World!", 0); // 写入共享内存数据
$process->wait(); // 等待子进程结束
shmop_delete($shmId); // 删除共享内存
shmop_close($shmId); // 关闭共享内存

4. Signal communication

Signal is a method of inter-process communication, which allows one process to notify another process Something happened. In swoole, we can use the signal method in the swoole_process class to set the signal processing function, and use the kill method to send a signal to the specified process.

The sample code is as follows:

$process = new swoole_process(function(swoole_process $worker) {
    $worker->signal(SIGUSR1, function($signo) {
        echo "收到信号：" . $signo . PHP_EOL;
    });
});

$process->start();
$process->kill($process->pid, SIGUSR1); // 向指定进程发送信号
$process->wait(); // 等待子进程结束

2. Resource Sharing

In concurrent programming, resource sharing is a key issue. When multiple processes share the same resource, the consistency and mutual exclusivity of the resource need to be ensured. swoole provides a variety of resource sharing methods, including locks, condition variables, and shared memory.

1. Lock mechanism

The lock mechanism is an important way to realize resource sharing. It can ensure that multiple processes' access to resources is mutually exclusive. In swoole, we can use the lock method in the swoole_process class to perform lock operations.

The sample code is as follows:

$lock = new swoole_lock(SWOOLE_MUTEX); // 创建锁

$process1 = new swoole_process(function(swoole_process $worker) use ($lock) {
    $lock->lock(); // 加锁

    // 执行共享资源操作

    $lock->unlock(); // 解锁
});

$process2 = new swoole_process(function(swoole_process $worker) use ($lock) {
    $lock->lock(); // 加锁

    // 执行共享资源操作

    $lock->unlock(); // 解锁
});

$process1->start();
$process2->start();

$process1->wait();
$process2->wait();

$lock->free(); // 释放锁

2. Condition variable

Condition variable is an important way to realize resource sharing, which can be used for multiple processes synchronization and communication between. In swoole, we can use the condition method in the swoole_process class to operate condition variables.

The sample code is as follows:

$condition = new swoole_process(function(swoole_process $worker) {
    $condition->wait(); // 等待条件变量

    // 执行共享资源操作

    $condition->notify(); // 通知条件变量
});

$process = new swoole_process(function(swoole_process $worker) {
    $condition->lock();
    $condition->notify(); // 通知条件变量
    $condition->unlock();
});

$condition->start();
$process->start();

$condition->wait();
$condition->notify();

$condition->free(); // 释放条件变量

3. Shared memory

Shared memory is an efficient way to realize resource sharing, which can make multiple processes share the same memory area. In swoole, we can create a shared memory using the sharedMemory method in the swoole_process class.

The sample code is as follows:

$shmId = shmop_open(1234, "c", 0666, 1024); // 创建共享内存

$process1 = new swoole_process(function(swoole_process $worker) use ($shmId) {
    $data = shmop_read($shmId, 0, 1024); // 读取共享内存数据

    // 执行共享资源操作

    shmop_write($shmId, "New Data", 0); // 写入共享内存数据
});

$process2 = new swoole_process(function(swoole_process $worker) use ($shmId) {
    $data = shmop_read($shmId, 0, 1024); // 读取共享内存数据

    // 执行共享资源操作

    shmop_write($shmId, "New Data", 0); // 写入共享内存数据
});

$process1->start();
$process2->start();

$process1->wait();
$process2->wait();

shmop_delete($shmId); // 删除共享内存
shmop_close($shmId); // 关闭共享内存

To sum up, swoole provides rich and powerful inter-process communication and resource sharing functions. By choosing appropriate communication methods and management mechanisms, developers can program concurrently more efficiently. I hope this article will help you understand the inter-process communication and resource sharing of swoole development functions.

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