Detailed interpretation of HTTP protocol support and performance optimization of Nginx reverse proxy server

Nginx reverse proxy server is a powerful web server that not only handles HTTP requests and responses, but also provides HTTP protocol support and performance optimization. In this article, we will explain in detail the HTTP protocol support and performance optimization of the Nginx reverse proxy server and provide some code examples.

1. HTTP protocol support

1. Request processing
   Nginx reverse proxy server can receive HTTP requests from clients and forward them to the back-end server. For each request, Nginx does the following:
2. Parses the HTTP request line, including the request method, URI, and HTTP version.
3. Parse HTTP request headers, including Host, User-Agent, Accept, etc.
4. You can use the rewrite directive to rewrite the request URI.
5. You can configure the proxy_pass directive to forward the request to the backend server, supporting protocols such as HTTP, HTTPS, and FastCGI.
6. Response processing
   Nginx reverse proxy server can receive HTTP responses from the backend server and forward them to the client. For each response, Nginx does the following:
7. Parses the HTTP response line, including status code and HTTP version.
8. Parse HTTP response headers, including Content-Type, Content-Length, etc.
9. You can use the proxy_hide_header directive to hide some response headers.
10. The proxy_buffering directive can be configured to enable or disable response buffering when proxying.
11. Load Balancing
    Nginx reverse proxy server can distribute requests to multiple backend servers through load balancing algorithms to improve system performance and reliability. Commonly used load balancing algorithms include polling and IP hashing. The following is an example configuration of load balancing:

http {
  upstream backend {
    server backend1.example.com;
    server backend2.example.com;
    server backend3.example.com;
  }

  server {
    listen 80;
    location / {
      proxy_pass http://backend;
    }
  }
}

2. Performance optimization

1. Connection pool management
   Nginx reverse proxy server uses connection pool management and backend Server connections to reduce the overhead of connection establishment and closing. The size and timeout settings of the connection pool can be optimized by configuring the parameters of the ngx_http_upstream module, for example:

http {
  upstream backend {
    server backend1.example.com max_conns=100;
    server backend2.example.com max_conns=100;
    server backend3.example.com max_conns=100;
  }

  keepalive_timeout 65;
  keepalive_requests 1000;
}

2. Enable caching
   Nginx reverse proxy server can enable caching and will frequently access Responses are stored in memory to improve responsiveness. Caching can be enabled by configuring the proxy_cache directive, for example:

http {
  proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m;

  server {
    listen 80;
    location / {
      proxy_pass http://backend;
      proxy_cache my_cache;
      proxy_cache_valid 200 1d;
    }
  }
}

3. Compressed transmission
   Nginx reverse proxy server can enable response compression to reduce the amount of transmitted data and improve network transmission efficiency. Response compression can be enabled by configuring the gzip directive, for example:

http {
  gzip on;
  gzip_types text/plain text/html text/css application/javascript;

  server {
    listen 80;
    location / {
      proxy_pass http://backend;
    }
  }
}

The above is a detailed explanation of the HTTP protocol support and performance optimization of the Nginx reverse proxy server, and some code examples are provided. By properly configuring the Nginx reverse proxy server, the performance and reliability of the system can be improved and provide users with a better Web service experience.

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