6 'scary” Linux commands

$ mcrypt x Enter the passphrase (maximum of 512 characters) Please use a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers. Enter passphrase: Enter passphrase: File x was encrypted.

It does not overwrite the files you are encrypting. The mcrypt command has options for key size and encryption algorithm. You can also specify a key as an option, but this is discouraged by the mcrypt command.

kill

There is also the kill command - of course this does not refer to murder, but to the command we use to terminate the process. The termination methods are How tough depends on what is needed to terminate them appropriately. Of course, Linux doesn't stop there. Instead, it has a variety of kill commands to use on your command line.

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We have kill, pkill, killall, killpg, rfkill, skill (see es-kill), tgkill, tkill and xkill.

$ killall runme [1] Terminated ./runme [2] Terminated ./runme [3]- Terminated ./runme [4]+ Terminated ./runme

shred

Linux系统还支持一种名为shred的命令。shred命令覆盖文件以隐藏以前的内容，并确保无法使用硬盘恢复工具来恢复它们。请记住：rm命令基本上只是删除目录文件中的文件引用，但不一定从磁盘上擦除内容或覆盖内容。shred命令才是覆盖文件的内容。

$ shred dupes.txt $ more dupes.txt ▒oΛ▒▒9▒lm▒▒▒▒▒o▒1־▒▒f▒f▒▒▒i▒▒h^}&▒▒▒{▒▒

zombies

虽然zombies（僵尸进程）不是一个命令，但它在Linux系统上却根深蒂固。zombies基本上是没有被完全清除的死亡进程的残骸。

进程不应该以这种方式运行——任由死亡进程逗留，而不是仅仅让它们死亡、进入数字天堂，所以zombies的存在表明了留下它们的进程存在某种缺陷。

检查你的系统是否有僵尸进程残留下来，一个简单的方法就是查看top命令的标题行。

好吓人！上面显示有三个僵尸进程。

$ top top - 18:50:38 up 6 days, 6:36, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 171 total, 1 running, 167 sleeping, 0 stopped, 3 zombie <== %Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.9 id, 0.1 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 2003388 total, 250840 free, 545832 used, 1206716 buff/cache KiB Swap: 9765884 total, 9765764 free, 120 used. 1156536 avail Mem

at midnight

死人的灵魂会从日落一直游荡到深夜。Linux让用户可以借助“at midnight”命令跟踪是否已离开。at用来安排下一次指定时间到来时就运行的任务，工作方式类似一次性计划任务（cron）。

$ at midnight warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh at> echo 'the spirits of the dead have left' at>  job 3 at Thu Oct 31 00:00:00 2017

daemons

Linux系统还高度依赖守护进程（daemon）——这种进程在后台运行，提供了系统的许多功能。许多守护进程的名称以“d”结尾。这个“d”代表“daemon”，它表明该进程一直运行，支持某种重要功能。另一些守护进程则将“daemon”这个单词拼出来。

$ ps -ef | grep sshd root 1142 1 0 Oct19 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D root 25342 1142 0 18:34 ? 00:00:00 sshd: shs [priv] $ ps -ef | grep daemon | grep -v grep message+ 790 1 0 Oct19 ? 00:00:01 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation root 836 1 0 Oct19 ? 00:00:02 /usr/lib/accountsservice/accounts-daemon