How to use database migration to manage the database schema of PHP applications

How to use database migration to manage the database architecture of PHP applications

Introduction:
When developing PHP applications, as the business develops, it is very common for the structure of the database to change. In order to ensure data integrity and consistency, we need to use database migration to manage changes to the database schema. This article will introduce how to use database migration to manage the database schema of PHP applications and provide corresponding code examples.

1. What is database migration
Database migration refers to the operation of making structural changes to the database, such as adding tables, modifying fields, deleting tables, etc., without losing or changing the existing data. Database migration has the following advantages:

1. Convenience for team collaboration: When multiple people are developing, database migration can uniformly manage changes in the database structure, avoiding conflicts and data loss.
2. Manage database versions: Through database migration, the database structure changes of each version can be recorded to facilitate rollback and migration.
3. Automated operation: Database migration can automatically execute SQL statements to improve efficiency.

2. Choose the appropriate database migration tool
Currently there are many open source database migration tools to choose from, such as Phinx, Laravel Migrations, etc. These tools provide a set of command line tools and APIs for database migration management. In this article, we will use Phinx as an example tool to introduce the use of database migration.

3. Install and configure Phinx

1. Use Composer to install Phinx:

   composer require robmorgan/phinx --dev

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2. Create the Phinx configuration file phinx.php ：

   <?php
   return [
       'paths' => [
           'migrations' => 'db/migrations',
           'seeds' => 'db/seeds',
       ],
       'environments' => [
           'default_migration_table' => 'migrations',
           'default_database' => 'development',
           'development' => [
               'adapter' => 'mysql',
               'host' => 'localhost',
               'name' => 'database_name',
               'user' => 'root',
               'pass' => 'password',
               'port' => '3306',
               'charset' => 'utf8',
           ],
       ],
   ];

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4. Create database migration

1. Create migration file:

   vendor/bin/phinx create CreateUsersTable

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2. Edit migration File:

   <?php
   use PhinxMigrationAbstractMigration;
   
   class CreateUsersTable extends AbstractMigration
   {
       public function change()
       {
           $table = $this->table('users');
           $table->addColumn('name', 'string', ['limit' => 100])
                 ->addColumn('email', 'string', ['limit' => 100])
                 ->addColumn('password', 'string', ['limit' => 255])
                 ->addColumn('created_at', 'datetime')
                 ->addColumn('updated_at', 'datetime', ['null' => true])
                 ->create();
       }
   }

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5. Perform database migration

1. Create database table:

   vendor/bin/phinx migrate

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2. Back Roll database table:

   vendor/bin/phinx rollback

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3. View database migration status:

   vendor/bin/phinx status

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6. Summary
Through the above steps, we can use Phinx to Manage database migration of PHP applications. By creating migration files and executing corresponding commands, we can easily change the database structure. Note that database migration is an important operation and needs to be handled with care to ensure correct operation and data integrity.

The above is just a simple example using Phinx. Actual database migration management may involve more operations and logic. Readers can make appropriate expansions and adjustments according to their own needs.

I hope this article will be helpful for using database migration to manage the database architecture of PHP applications.

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