How to handle and desensitize sensitive data in MySQL?

How to process and desensitize sensitive data in MySQL?

With the development of the Internet, data privacy and security protection have become increasingly important. In the database system, the saved data may contain sensitive information of users, such as ID number, mobile phone number, bank account number, etc. In order to protect users' privacy while being able to use this data in business, we need to process and desensitize sensitive information. This article will introduce how to process and desensitize sensitive data in MySQL, and give corresponding code examples.

1. Field data type and length settings

First of all, we can limit the storage of sensitive information by reasonably setting the data type and length of the field. For example, for the mobile phone number field, you can set it to VARCHAR(11), with a limited length of 11 digits; for the ID card number field, you can set it to CHAR(18), with a limited length of 18 digits. This can effectively avoid the risk of information storage anomalies and data leakage.

2. Data encryption storage

For more sensitive information, you can use an encryption algorithm to encrypt it and then store it in the database. MySQL provides some commonly used encryption functions, such as AES_ENCRYPT() and AES_DECRYPT(). The following is a code example that uses the AES encryption algorithm to encrypt a mobile phone number:

-- 创建加密函数
CREATE FUNCTION encrypt_phone_number(phone VARCHAR(11))
  RETURNS VARCHAR(64)
  DETERMINISTIC 
  BEGIN
    RETURN HEX(AES_ENCRYPT(phone, 'secret_key'));
  END;

-- 使用加密函数加密手机号码并存储
INSERT INTO user (name, encrypted_phone) 
  VALUES ('张三', encrypt_phone_number('13812345678'));

Through the above encryption function, we encrypt the mobile phone number and store it in the database in hexadecimal form. At this point, only having the correct key can decrypt the original mobile phone number.

3. Data desensitization

In some scenarios, we may need to display some sensitive information in business presentations, but we do not want to directly expose the original data. At this time, data desensitization can be used to protect privacy.

String functions can be used in MySQL to achieve data desensitization. Common functions include SUBSTRING(), REPLACE() and CONCAT(). The following is a code example for desensitizing the ID number:

-- 对身份证号码进行脱敏
SELECT
  CONCAT(SUBSTRING(id_number, 1, 3), '**********', SUBSTRING(id_number, 14, 18)) AS masked_id_number
FROM user;

In the above code, we use the SUBSTRING() function to retain the first 3 digits and the last 4 digits of the ID number, and use the 11 digits in the middle. Asterisks cover. This desensitization method can protect the user's privacy to a certain extent while maintaining the format and consistency of the display.

To sum up, MySQL provides various ways to process and desensitize sensitive information of data. Through technical means such as setting field data type and length, data encryption storage, and data desensitization, we can effectively protect users' privacy information while ensuring the availability and security of data in business operations and display. In actual applications, we also need to choose appropriate methods to process and desensitize sensitive information based on business needs and security requirements and specific scenarios.

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