An article to help you understand the basics of Python list-related operations and nesting

Release: 2023-07-25 15:38:33
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1. List-related operations

The data stored in the list can be modified, such as "add", "delete", and "change".

<1> Add elements ("add" three ways to add)

1. append()

You can add elements to the list through append.

   #定义变量A,默认有3个元素
    A = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']


    print("-----添加之前,列表A的数据-----")
    for tempName in A:
        print(tempName)


    #提示、并添加元素
    temp = input('请输入要添加的学生姓名:')
    A.append(temp)


    print("-----添加之后,列表A的数据-----")
    for tempName in A:
        print(tempName)
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Result:

An article to help you understand the basics of Python list-related operations and nesting

2. extend()

You can add elements from another collection to the list one by one through extend

>>> a = [1, 2]
>>> b = [3, 4]
>>> a.append(b)
>>>  print(a) 
[1, 2, [3, 4]]        #运行结果 
>>> a.extend(b)   
>>>  print(a)
[1, 2, [3, 4], 3, 4]   #运行结果
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3 .insert()

insert(index, object) Inserts the element object

before index at the specified position.
>>> a = [0, 1, 2]
>>> a.insert(1, 3)
>>> print(a)
[0, 3, 1, 2]
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<2> 修改元素("改")

修改元素的时候,要通过下标来确定要修改的是哪个元素,然后才能进行修改

demo:

# 定义变量A,默认有3个元素
A = ['xiaoWang', 'xiaoZhang', 'xiaoHua']


print("-----修改之前,列表A的数据-----")
for tempName in A:
    print(tempName)


# 修改元素
A[1] = 'Lu'


print("-----修改之后,列表A的数据-----")
for tempName in A:
    print(tempName)
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结果:

An article to help you understand the basics of Python list-related operations and nesting


<3> 查找元素("查"in, not in, index, count)

所谓的查找,就是看看指定的元素是否存在。

1. in, not in

Python中查找的常用方法为:

  • in(存在),如果存在那么结果为true,否则为false。

  • not in(不存在),如果不存在那么结果为true,否则false。

#待查找的列表
nameList = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']


#获取用户要查找的名字
findName = input('请输入要查找的姓名:')


#查找是否存在
if findName in nameList:
    print('在字典中找到了相同的名字')
else:
    print('没有找到')
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运行结果:(找到)

An article to help you understand the basics of Python list-related operations and nesting

运行结果:(没有找到)

An article to help you understand the basics of Python list-related operations and nesting

说明:

in的方法只要会用了,那么not in也是同样的用法,只不过not in判断的是不存在。

2. index, count

index和count与字符串中的用法相同

>>> a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b']
>>> a.index('a', 1, 3) # 注意是左闭右开区间
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
ValueError: 'a' is not in list
>>> a.index('a', 1, 4)
>>>  print(a)
3  #运行结果
>>> a.count('b')
>>>  print(a)
2    #运行结果
>>> a.count('d')
>>>  print(a)
0    #运行结果
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<4> 删除元素("删"del, pop, remove)

列表元素的常用删除方法有:

  • del:根据下标进行删除

  • pop:删除最后一个元素

  • remove:根据元素的值进行删除

1. del

movieName = ['加勒比海盗','骇客帝国','第一滴血','霍比特人','速度与激情']


print('------删除之前------')
for tempName in movieName:
    print(tempName)


del movieName[2]


print('------删除之后------')
for tempName in movieName:
    print(tempName)
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结果:

An article to help you understand the basics of Python list-related operations and nesting

2. pop

movieName = ['加勒比海盗','骇客帝国','第一滴血','霍比特人','速度与激情']


print('------删除之前------')
for tempName in movieName:
    print(tempName)


movieName.pop()


print('------删除之后------')
for tempName in movieName:
    print(tempName)
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结果:

An article to help you understand the basics of Python list-related operations and nesting

3. remove

movieName = ['加勒比海盗','骇客帝国','第一滴血','指环王','霍比特人','速度与激情']


print('------删除之前------')
for tempName in movieName:
    print(tempName)


movieName.remove('指环王')


print('------删除之后------')
for tempName in movieName:
    print(tempName)
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结果:

An article to help you understand the basics of Python list-related operations and nesting

<5> 排序(sort, reverse)

sort方法是将list按特定顺序重新排列,默认为由小到大,参数reverse=True可改为倒序,由大到小。

reverse方法是将list逆置。

>>> a = [1, 4, 2, 3]
>>>  print(a)
[1, 4, 2, 3]    #运行结果
>>> a.reverse()
>>>  print(a)
[3, 2, 4, 1]    #运行结果
>>> a.sort()  
>>>  print(a)
[1, 2, 3, 4]  #运行结果
>>> a.sort(reverse=True)
>>>  print(a)
[4, 3, 2, 1] #运行结果
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二、列表的嵌套

1. 列表嵌套

类似while循环的嵌套,列表也是支持嵌套的。

一个列表中的元素又是一个列表,那么这就是列表的嵌套。

例:

Names= [['北京','甘肃'],
            ['南京','天津','广东'],
            ['山','上海']]
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2. 应用

小项目练习:

学校,有3个办公室,现在有8位老师等待工位的分配,请编写程序,完成随机的分配。

#encoding=utf-8


import random


# 定义一个列表用来保存3个办公室
offices = [[],[],[]]


# 定义一个列表用来存储8位老师的名字
names = ['A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H']


i = 0
for name in names:
    index = random.randint(0,2)    
    offices[index].append(name)


i = 1
for tempNames in offices:
    print('办公室%d的人数为:%d'%(i,len(tempNames)))
    i+=1
    for name in tempNames:
        print("%s"%name,end='')
    print("\n")
    print("-"*20)
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运行结果如下:

An article to help you understand the basics of Python list-related operations and nesting


三、总结

本文详细的讲解了Python基础 ,介绍了常见的列表操作,以及在实际操作中会遇到的问题,提供了解决方案。最后通过一个小项目,使读者能够更好的理解Python列表的使用方法。希望可以帮助你更好的学习。

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