An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python

Release: 2023-07-25 15:33:46
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1. Foreword

If there is a list and the name "xiaoWang" needs to be written incorrectly, the code must be modified through the corresponding index value.

nameList = ['xiaoZhang', 'xiaoWang', 'xiaoLi']
nameList[1] = 'xiaoxiaoWang
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If the order of the list has changed, as follows:

nameList = ['xiaoWang', 'xiaoZhang',  'xiaoLi']
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At this time You need to modify the subscript to complete the name modification.

 nameList[0] = 'xiaoxiaoWang'
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#Is there any way to store multiple data and locate the required one easily while accessing the elements? What about that element? This is the dictionary.


## 2. Introduction to the dictionary

  • Dictionaries, like lists, can also store multiple data.

  • #When looking for an element in the list, it is based on the subscript.

  • When looking for an element in the dictionary, it is based on the 'name' (that is, the value in front of the colon:, such as 'name', ' id', 'sex').

  • #Each element of the dictionary consists of 2 parts, key: value. For example, 'name':'monitor', where 'name' is the key and 'monitor' is the value.

  • Access value based on key

    Example:

  • # #
    info = {'name':'班长', 'id':100, 'sex':'f', 'address':'地球亚洲中国北京'}
    
    
    print(info['name'])
    
    
    print(info['address'])
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Run result:


若访问不存在的键,则会报错:

>>> info['age']


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
  
KeyError: 'age'
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在我们不确定字典中是否存在某个键而又想获取其值时,可以使用get方法,还可以设置默认值。

>>> age = info.get('age')
>>> age    #'age'键不存在,所以age为None
>>> type(age)

>>> age = info.get('age', 18) # 若info中不存在'age'这个键,就返回默认值18
>>> print(age) 
18  #运行结果
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1. 字典的常见操作

<1> 添加元素

info = {'name':'班长', 'sex':'f', 'address':'地球亚洲中国北京'}


print('id为:%d'%info['id'])
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运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python

如果在使用 变量名['键'] = 数据 时,这个“键”在字典中,不存在,那么就会新增这个元素。

添加新的元素。

info = {'name':'班长', 'sex':'f', 'address':'地球亚洲中国北京'}


# print('id为:%d'%info['id'])#程序会终端运行,因为访问了不存在的键


newId = input('请输入新的学号')


info['id'] = newId


print('添加之后的id为:%d'%info['id'])
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运行结果:

请输入新的学号188
添加之后的id为: 188
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<2> 删除元素

对字典进行删除操作,有一下几种:

  • del

  • clear()

del删除指定的元素

info = {'name':'班长', 'sex':'f', 'address':'地球亚洲中国北京'}


print('删除前,%s'%info['name'])


del info['name']


print('删除后,%s'%info['name'])
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运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python

del删除整个字典。

info = {'name':'monitor', 'sex':'f', 'address':'China'}


print('删除前,%s'%info)


del info


print('删除后,%s'%info)
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运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python

clear清空整个字典。

info = {'name':'monitor', 'sex':'f', 'address':'China'}


print('清空前,%s'%info)


info.clear()


print('清空后,%s'%info)
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运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python

<3> 修改元素

字典的每个元素中的数据是可以修改的,只要通过key找到,即可修改。

info = {'name':'班长', 'id':100, 'sex':'f', 'address':'地球亚洲中国北京'}


newId = input('请输入新的学号')


info['id'] = int(newId)


print('修改之后的id为%d:'%info['id'])
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运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


2. 字典的常见操作2

<1>len()

测量字典中,键值对的个数。

dict={"name":'zahnsan','sex':'m'}


print(len(dict))
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运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python

<2>keys

返回一个包含字典所有KEY的列表。

dict={"name":'zahnsan','sex':'m'}


print(dict.keys())
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运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


<3>values

返回一个包含字典所有value的列表。

dict={"name":'zahnsan','sex':'m'}


print(dict.values())
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运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


<4>items

返回一个包含所有(键,值)元祖的列表。

dict={"name":'zahnsan','sex':'m'}


print(dict.items())
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运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


三、遍历

语法:通过for ... in ...:的语法结构,我们可以遍历字符串、列表、元组、字典等数据结构。

注意 :Python语法的缩进

先看一下字符串,列表和元组是怎么遍历的。

字符串遍历

>>> a_str = "hello itcast"
>>> for char in a_str:
...     print(char,end=' ')
...
h e l l o   i t c a s t #运行结果
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列表遍历

>>> a_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> for num in a_list:
...     print(num,end=' ')
...
1 2 3 4 5 #运行结果
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元组遍历

>>> a_turple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
>>> for num in a_turple:
...     print(num,end=" ")
1 2 3 4 5 #运行结果
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字典遍历

1 . 遍历字典的key(键)

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


2 . 遍历字典的value(值)

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


3. 遍历字典的项(元素)

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


4. 遍历字典的key-value(键值对)

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


5. enumerate()

chars = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
for i, chr in enumerate(chars):
    print(i, chr)
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运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


四、总结

本文以生活中字典的实际应用,主要介绍了Python字典的基础知识,用丰富的案例,帮助大家更好的去了解字典常见的的基础操作。

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