Take stock of the uses of the os module in Python

Release: 2023-07-25 14:30:11
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1. Overview of the os module

The Python os module contains common operating system functions.


##2. The role of the os module

can handle files and directories These are the operations we need to do manually every day. This module is especially important if you want your program to be platform-independent.


3. Commonly used methods

1. os.name

The output string indicates the platform being used. If it is window, it is represented by 'nt', for Linux/Unix users, it is 'posix'.

import os


print(os.name)
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The running system is win, so 'nt' is returned.

Take stock of the uses of the os module in Python


#2. os.getcwd()

The function gets the current working directory, which is the directory path where the current Python script works.

import os


print(os.getcwd())
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Run result:

Take stock of the uses of the os module in Python

##3. os.listdir()

Returns all file and directory names in the specified directory.

import os


name=os.listdir(os.getcwd())


print(name)
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运行结果:

Take stock of the uses of the os module in Python


4. os.remove()

例:删除一个文件。

在当前目录创建一个2.txt文件,等下通过代码删除文件。

Take stock of the uses of the os module in Python

删除2.txt文件。

import os


name=os.listdir(os.getcwd())
os.remove("2.txt")
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5. os.system()

运行shell命令。

import os
name=os.system('dir')
print(name)
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运行结果

Take stock of the uses of the os module in Python

6. os.sep 可以取代操作系统特定的路径分割符。

import os


 print(os.sep)
#Windows 运行结果
'\\'
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7. os.linesep字符串给出当前平台使用的行终止符

print(os.linesep)'\r\n'            #Windows使用'\r\n',Linux使用'\n'而Mac使用'\r'。 print(os.sep)'\\'              #Windows
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8. os.path.split()

函数返回一个路径的目录名和文件名。

os.path.split('C:\\Python25\\abc.txt')#运行结果('C:\\Python25', 'abc.txt') #返回路径
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9. os.path.isfile()和os.path.isdir()函数分别检验给出的路径是一个文件还是目录。

os.path.isdir(os.getcwd())#运行结果True #如果路径相同返回trueos.path.isfile('a.txt')#运行结果False #如果路径不同返回false
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10. os.path.exists()函数用来检验给出的路径是否真地存在

os.path.exists('C:\\Python25\\abc.txt')#运行结果False #如果路径不存在返回falseos.path.exists('C:\\Python25')#运行结果True   #如果路径存在返回true
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11. os.path.abspath(name):获得绝对路径。

import os
name=os.path.abspath("1.doc")
print(name)
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12. os.path.normpath(path):规范path字符串形式。

import os
name=os.path.normpath("1.doc")print(name)
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13. os.path.getsize(name):获得文件大小,如果name是目录返回0L。

在当前目录下,随便打开一个文件,可以收看文件地点大小。

import osname1=os.path.getsize("1.doc")print(name1)
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运行结果:

Take stock of the uses of the os module in Python

14. os.path.splitext():分离文件名与扩展名。

>>> os.path.splitext('a.txt')#运行结果('a', '.txt')
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15. os.path.join(path,name):连接目录与文件名或目录。

>>> os.path.join('c:\\Python','a.txt')#运行结果'c:\\Python\\a.txt' >>> os.path.join('c:\\Python','f1') #运行结果'c:\\Python\\f1'
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16. os.path.basename(path):返回文件名。

>>> os.path.basename('a.txt')#运行结果'a.txt'>>> os.path.basename('c:\\Python\\a.txt')#运行结果'a.txt'
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17. os.path.dirname(path):返回文件路径。

>>> os.path.dirname('c:\\Python\\a.txt')#运行结果'c:\\Python
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四、总结

本文主要介绍了Python基础中os模块的使用,介绍了主要的操作文件的方法,以及os模块在实际应用需要注意的问题,做了详细地点讲解。

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