How to use routing to implement page-level permission control in a Vue project?

How to use routing to implement page-level permission control in a Vue project?

In Vue projects, we often need to control page access based on user roles or permissions. Vue's routing function can help us implement page-level permission control, so that users with different roles can only access pages for which they have permission. In this article, we will introduce how to use routing to implement page-level permission control in Vue projects.

1. Install and configure Vue Router
   First, we need to install and configure Vue Router. You can use npm or yarn to install Vue Router:

   npm install vue-router

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   Then, introduce and install Vue Router in the project's entry file (such as main.js):

   import Vue from 'vue'
   import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
   Vue.use(VueRouter)

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2. Create a routing table
   Next, we need to create a routing table to define all pages in the project and their corresponding paths. In the routing table, we can also define the pages that require permission control and which roles are required to access these pages. The following is a simple routing table example:

   import Vue from 'vue'
   import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
   
   import HomePage from '../views/HomePage.vue'
   import AdminPage from '../views/AdminPage.vue'
   import UserPage from '../views/UserPage.vue'
   
   Vue.use(VueRouter)
   
   const routes = [
     { path: '/', component: HomePage },
     { 
    path: '/admin', 
    component: AdminPage, 
    meta: { 
      requiresAuth: true, // 需要登录后才能访问
      roles: ['admin'] // 只有admin角色的用户可以访问
    }
     },
     { 
    path: '/user', 
    component: UserPage, 
    meta: { 
      requiresAuth: true, // 需要登录后才能访问
      roles: ['user', 'admin'] // 只要是user或admin角色的用户可以访问
    }
     }
   ]
   
   const router = new VueRouter({
     routes
   })
   
   export default router

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In the above code, we define the pages that require permission control and their corresponding roles by adding the requiresAuth and roles attributes to the meta field. .

3. Implementing permission control
   Next, we need to make judgments about permission control when routing jumps. Global navigation guards can be used in Vue Router to implement permission control.

Open the router/index.js file and add a global navigation guard:

router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
  const requiresAuth = to.meta.requiresAuth // 是否需要登录才能访问
  const roles = to.meta.roles // 页面所需的角色

  // 判断是否需要登录和角色是否匹配
  if (requiresAuth && !isLoggedIn()) {
    next('/login') // 没有登录，跳转到登录页面
  } else if (roles && !hasRole(roles)) {
    next('/404') // 没有权限，跳转到404页面
  } else {
    next() // 继续下一步
  }
})

function isLoggedIn() {
  // 判断用户是否登录
  // 返回true或false
}

function hasRole(roles) {
  // 判断用户角色是否匹配
  // 返回true或false
}

In the above code, we use the beforeEach method to add a global navigation guard function. In this function, we first determine whether the page requires login. If login is required but the user is not logged in, we will jump to the login page. Then, we determine whether the user role matches, and if not, jump to the 404 page. Finally, if both the login and role meet the requirements, continue loading the page.

4. Used in components
   In components that require permission control, we can obtain the role information required by the page through the meta field of the route. We can use this information to determine whether to display or operate certain elements. The following is a simple example:

<template>
  <div>
    <h1 v-if="hasAdminRole">只有admin用户能看到这个标题</h1>
    <button v-if="hasUserRole">只有admin和user用户才能看到这个按钮</button>
    <p>页面内容</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  computed: {
    hasAdminRole() {
      return this.$route.meta.roles.includes('admin')
    },
    hasUserRole() {
      return this.$route.meta.roles.includes('user')
    }
  }
}
</script>

In the above code, we use the computed attribute to determine whether the current user role is included in the roles in meta, and if so, display the corresponding element.

Through the above steps, we can use routing to implement page-level permission control in the Vue project. Users with different roles will only be able to access pages to which they have permission, thus achieving fine-grained permission control. Hope it helps you!

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