Comparison of data compression and read and write performance between MySQL and TiDB

MySQL and TiDB are two common relational database systems. They both have data compression and read and write performance optimization functions. This article will compare the two in terms of data compression and read and write performance, and attach relevant code examples.

1. Data Compression
Data compression is very important for database systems, which can reduce storage space usage and improve storage efficiency. The following introduces the data compression functions of MySQL and TiDB respectively.

1. MySQL Data Compression
   MySQL provides the InnoDB engine, which supports data compression function. When creating a table, you can enable data compression by specifying the ROW_FORMAT parameter as COMPRESSED. For example, the sample code to create a compressed table is as follows:

CREATE TABLE mytable (

id INT,
name VARCHAR(50)

) ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED;

In the above code, by specifying ROW_FORMAT =COMPRESSED to enable data compression. MySQL compresses data and reduces data storage space by using an algorithm called Dictionary Encoding. Data is automatically decompressed and compressed during insertion, update, and query.

2. TiDB Data Compression
   TiDB is a distributed relational database system that uses column storage to store data and provides data compression functions. When using TiDB for data compression, you need to specify the COLUMN_FORMAT parameter as COMPRESSED when creating the table.

The following is a sample code using TiDB for data compression:

CREATE TABLE mytable (

id INT,
name VARCHAR(50)

) COLUMN_FORMAT=COMPRESSED;

In In TiDB, data is compressed using the Snappy compression algorithm, which can effectively reduce storage space usage. Unlike MySQL, TiDB will automatically decompress when querying, and compress the query results again before returning them to reduce data transmission overhead.

2. Comparison of reading and writing performance
Reading and writing performance is an important indicator for evaluating database system performance. The following compares the read and write performance of MySQL and TiDB respectively.

1. MySQL read and write performance
   MySQL is a mature relational database system with good read and write performance. By optimizing parameter configuration, index design, etc., the read and write performance of MySQL can be further improved. The following is a sample code using MySQL for insert and query operations:

--Insert data
INSERT INTO mytable (id, name) VALUES (1, 'John');
--Query data
SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = 1;

2. TiDB read and write performance
   TiDB is a distributed relational database system that can be read and written on multiple nodes operation, with good horizontal scalability. By increasing the number of nodes in the TiDB cluster, the read and write performance can be further improved. The following is a sample code using TiDB for insert and query operations:

--Insert data
INSERT INTO mytable (id, name) VALUES (1, 'John');
--Query data
SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = 1;

In the above sample code, the syntax for insert and query operations is the same whether using MySQL or TiDB. The difference is that TiDB can improve read and write performance by increasing the number of nodes, and is suitable for processing large-scale data.

To sum up, both MySQL and TiDB have data compression and good read and write performance. MySQL compresses by using a dictionary encoding algorithm, while TiDB uses the Snappy algorithm for compression. In terms of read and write performance, MySQL can improve performance by optimizing parameter configuration and index design, while TiDB can improve performance by increasing the number of nodes. Developers can choose suitable database systems and optimization methods based on specific needs.

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