Is golang a back-end development?

Golang is back-end development, a server-side programming language, and its direction is mainly back-end. The reasons why golang is used for back-end development: 1. It has the characteristics of simple syntax and high execution efficiency at the language level; 2. Golang focuses on concurrency and is born for concurrency. Its starting point is to target the development of big data and cloud computing in the era of cloud computing. High concurrency and distributed application scenarios; 3. Golang can be directly compiled to generate executable programs on different platforms, and the basic memory usage is very small.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, GO version 1.20, Dell G3 computer.

Go language is a server-side programming language. The direction of go language is not the front-end, but mainly the back-end.

Go (also known as Golang) is a statically strongly typed, compiled, concurrent programming language with garbage collection capabilities developed by Google. Go was officially announced in November 2009, becoming an open source project and implemented on Linux and Mac platforms, and later added implementation under Windows systems.

Go language syntax is similar to C, but its functions include: memory safety, GC (garbage collection), structural form and CSP-style concurrent computing.

Description

Go's syntax is close to C language, but the declaration of variables is different. Go supports garbage collection. Go's parallel model is based on Tony Hall's Communicating Sequential Process (CSP). Other languages ​​that adopt a similar model include Occam and Limbo, but it also has features of Pi operations, such as channel transmission. Plugin support is opened in version 1.8, which means that some functions can now be dynamically loaded from Go.

Compared with C, Go does not include functions such as enumeration, exception handling, inheritance, generics, assertions, virtual functions, etc., but it adds slice type, concurrency, pipes, garbage collection, Language-level support for features such as interfaces. The Go 2.0 version will support generics, but has a negative attitude towards the existence of assertions, and also defends that it does not provide type inheritance.

Unlike Java, Go has built-in associative arrays (also known as hash tables (Hashes) or dictionaries (Dictionaries)), just like string types

Why use Go language for back-end development?

1. Simple and efficient: Almost all mainstream programming languages ​​such as Java, C, PHP, Python, JavaScript, etc. can be used for server-side development. As a rising star, Go language has great advantages in language level. It has the characteristics of simple syntax and high execution efficiency (underlying language); in comparison, Java, Python, and PHP are all inefficient, C is too troublesome, and Go can achieve both simplicity and efficiency;

2. High concurrency: Go language focuses on concurrency and is born for concurrency. Its starting point is to target high concurrency and distributed application scenarios in the era of big data cloud computing;

3. Cross-platform : Can be directly compiled to generate executable programs on different platforms. The basic memory usage is very small. Small applications take up a few M and large applications take up dozens of M and can run well. This allows golang to be used on small devices such as Raspberry Pi. It runs very well, and this performance is much better than java;

Containerization, distribution, and microservices are the trends in server development, in these directions:

1 , Containerization: Go language is the absolute overlord in the container field. The well-known Docker and Kubernets (K8S) are developed using Go language;

2. Distribution: The best example is Ethereum, because Blockchain is a distributed ledger;

3. Microservices: The best example of Go language supporting microservices is Toutiao. More than 80% of the traffic of Toutiao’s current back-end services are services built in Go. superior. The number of microservices exceeds 100, the peak QPS exceeds 7 million, and the daily processing request volume exceeds 300 billion. It may be the largest Go application in the industry.

Go language is a back-end language. Compared with other back-end languages, what are the advantages or characteristics of Go?

The language level supports concurrency. This is the biggest feature of Go. It is easy to write multi-threaded programs and can make full use of multiple cores.

As a programming language born in the 21st century, it supports garbage collection. Like Java, developers do not need to manage memory and can focus on business implementation.

Rich standard library, Go has a large number of built-in libraries, especially the network library is very powerful.

The deployment of Go language is relatively simple, it is directly compiled into machine code, and there are cross-platform compilation options.

The philosophy of Go language is "less is more". Compared with C and Java, Go language is easier to get started.

Writing style

There are several regulations in Go. When the following regulations are not matched, compilation will produce an error.

No need to write a semicolon after each line of program.

The opening brace cannot be placed on a new line.

If judgments and for loops do not need to be wrapped in parentheses.

Go also has a built-in gofmt tool, which can automatically sort out excess whitespace in the code, align variable names, and convert aligned spaces into tabs.

1. Introduction to Golang

Golang, the Google language, is a strongly typed, statically typed programming language developed by Google. It was first released in 2009 and was designed and developed by Ken Thompson, Robert Griesemer, and Rob Pike. Golang is a language that can quickly develop high-performance network services and distributed systems, and it supports a variety of operating systems and hardware architectures.

Golang has a very short development history, but it has become a high-profile programming language. This is due to some of its features, such as the following:

High concurrency performance: Golang uses lightweight coroutines (goroutines) to replace threads, supports high concurrency and is lightweight, and avoids thread switching. overhead. Concise syntax: Golang's syntax is concise, easy to learn and use, and does not require much additional learning cost. GC automatic recycling mechanism: Golang adopts an automatic garbage collection mechanism, making the memory management of the language simpler and more efficient. Cross-platform support: Golang supports multiple operating systems and hardware architectures, such as Windows, Linux, Mac, Android, etc., and developers can easily implement cross-platform development. Powerful standard library: The Golang standard library is very powerful. It has built-in a large number of commonly used data types, algorithms, network programming and concurrent programming libraries, making it easy for developers to develop. Strong reliability: Golang has high reliability, thanks to the language's type safety and error checking mechanisms, as well as its own tools for unit testing, benchmark testing, and performance testing. Open source: Golang is an open source language, and all code can be viewed on GitHub, so it can quickly absorb excellent features and code contributions from developers around the world, ensuring the sustainable development of the Golang backend.

2. Golang back-end advantages

Based on Golang’s high performance and exceptional practicality, it can provide the back-end field with practical system development and data processing. Better results. Specifically, the Golang backend has the following advantages:

High performance: Golang uses lightweight coroutines (goroutines) to avoid thread overhead when concurrency is high, making it possible to use the same hardware resources The throughput of a single thread has high performance, and competition between threads is also avoided. High readability: Golang’s concise syntax, standardized code style and standard library that focuses on code readability make its code easier to understand and facilitate team development. Good cross-platform support: Golang can support multiple operating systems and hardware architectures, which provides back-end developers with greater flexibility. High development efficiency: Golang language design makes it easier for developers to write clear and easy-to-maintain code, and Go has strong interoperability with other languages, allowing developers to easily use existing code in Go. Extremely suitable for distributed systems: Golang's coroutine scheduling makes it easy to distribute application tasks to multiple CPU cores, so it is very suitable for building distributed systems. In addition, the Go language's high concurrency performance and good network programming design make it particularly suitable for building high-performance microservice systems and large-scale concurrent network applications.

3. Golang backend application scenarios

Because of the above advantages, Golang backend has been widely used in various Internet companies, financial institutions, online games, and big data Platform and other back-end development fields include the following scenarios:

Web development: Golang’s high performance and concise coding style are very suitable for developing high-performance web applications. API development: Most API services are usually late-stage scalable, high-concurrency systems, and Golang is suitable for handling such task requirements. Distributed systems: Golang’s high concurrency operating parameters make it suitable for building distributed services such as Hadoop/Yarn, Docker or Kubernetes. Big data platform: When processing massive data, the big data platform requires asynchronous IO and asynchronous network for the same two reasons. This requirement is also very suitable for Golang. Online games: Golang’s high parallel performance and natural stability make it suitable for the development of boss battle games and other games.

In addition, the Golang backend can also be widely used in machine learning, data analysis, artificial intelligence and other fields, because the performance of Golang can even be comparable to languages ​​​​such as C and Java, and its simple and easy-to-use syntax and The efficient coroutine mechanism makes machine learning and concurrent processing simpler and more convenient.

4. Summary

In order to improve the coding quality of programmers, Golang provides everyone with good learning opportunities in all aspects. Nowadays, Golang backend has become a popular backend development language. Its high concurrency performance, concise and easy-to-read code style, cross-platform and powerful standard library make it easy for developers to develop. Of course, when using Golang, you need to pay attention to relevant learning and specifications. You also need to comprehensively grasp specific application scenarios and use them with caution.

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