How to set up a highly available container network on Linux

How to set up a highly available container network on Linux

Introduction:
In modern cloud computing environments, container technology has become a very popular way to deploy applications. When it comes to container networking, high availability is a key requirement. This article will introduce how to set up a highly available container network on Linux and provide corresponding code examples.

1. Use Docker Swarm to build a cluster

Docker Swarm is a container orchestration tool that allows us to easily manage multiple Docker containers. First, we need to build a Docker Swarm cluster. The following are simple steps:

1. Install Docker Engine and Docker Swarm
   Install Docker Engine and Docker Swarm on each node, you can Install through the following command:

   $ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
   $ sudo sh get-docker.sh
   $ sudo usermod -aG docker your-user
   $ docker swarm init --advertise-addr your-ip

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2. Join the cluster
   Use the following command on other nodes to join the cluster:

   $ docker swarm join --token your-token your-ip

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3. Configure network
   Create an overlay network in the cluster for communication between containers:

   $ docker network create --driver overlay my-network

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4. Run the service
   Create a highly available service and deploy it to the cluster Medium:

   $ docker service create --replicas 3 --network my-network --name my-service nginx

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2. Use Keepalived to implement failover

In addition to using Docker Swarm, we can also use Keepalived to implement failover of the container network. Keepalived is a high-availability software that ensures the availability of the host. Here are the steps:

1. Install Keepalived
   Install Keepalived on each node and make sure the network interfaces are configured correctly.

2. Configuring Keepalived
   Create a Keepalived configuration file on each node. The example is as follows (the file name is keepalived.conf):

   vrrp_script chk_docker {
       script   "docker service ls | grep my-service"
       interval 5
   }
   vrrp_instance VI_1 {
       interface eth0
       state MASTER
       virtual_router_id 51
       priority 100
       advert_int 1
       authentication {
           auth_type PASS
           auth_pass my-password
       }
       virtual_ipaddress {
           10.0.0.100
       }
       track_script {
           chk_docker
       }
   }

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   Among them, chk_docker is to check Docker A script to determine whether the service is running normally. My-service is the Docker service we need to monitor.

3. Start Keepalived
   Start Keepalived on each node and ensure that it can discover and switch to another node in the event of a container network failure.

3. Use Nginx as a load balancer

In addition to using Docker Swarm and Keepalived, we can also use Nginx as a load balancer for the container network. Here are the steps:

1. Install Nginx
   Install Nginx on each node and make sure Nginx’s configuration file is correct.

2. Configuring Nginx
   Add the following content to the Nginx configuration file to proxy requests to the real address of the container:

   http {
       upstream my-service {
           server 10.0.0.1:80;
           server 10.0.0.2:80;
           server 10.0.0.3:80;
       }
       server {
           listen 80;
           location / {
               proxy_pass http://my-service;
           }
       }
   }

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   Among them, my-service is the proxy we need Docker service.

3. Start Nginx
   Start Nginx on each node and ensure that it can automatically switch to an available container node when the container network fails.

Conclusion:
Through the above methods, we can set up a highly available container network on Linux to ensure the availability of container services. Whether using Docker Swarm, Keepalived or Nginx, it is a feasible solution and you can choose the appropriate method according to your specific needs. In actual applications, we can configure and adjust according to the actual situation to achieve the best high-availability container network architecture.

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