Recommended configuration for ARM programming using GCC under Linux

Recommended configuration for using GCC for ARM programming under Linux

Abstract: GCC is a powerful compiler that is very practical for ARM programming in a Linux environment. This article will introduce how to configure GCC under Linux and some recommended configurations for using GCC for ARM programming.

1. Install GCC
In Linux environment, GCC is usually installed by default. You can check whether GCC is installed by running the following command:

gcc --version

If GCC is not installed, please execute the following Command to install:

sudo apt-get install gcc

2. Install the ARM cross-compilation tool chain
By default, GCC compiles programs for the host. In order to compile ARM target programs on Linux, we need to install the ARM cross-compilation tool chain. The following takes the ARM Cortex-A series as an example.

1. Download ARM cross-compilation tool chain
   ARM official website provides a set of ARM cross-compilation tool chain, and you can download the latest version from the official website. Download link: https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/open-source-software/developer-tools/gnu-toolchain/gnu-rm. After the download is complete, unzip the compressed package to any directory.

2. Configure environment variables
   Next, you need to add the directory of the cross-compilation tool chain to the system's environment variables. Open the terminal and execute the following command:

   export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/toolchain/bin

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   Replace /path/to/toolchain with the directory where you decompressed the toolchain.

3. Write ARM source code and use GCC to compile
The following shows a simple ARM assembly code example and introduces how to use GCC to compile ARM source code.

1. Create a new file, for example hello.S, and open it with a text editor:

   vi hello.S

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2. In Enter the following code into hello.S:

   .global _start
   .section .data
    msg:    .asciz "Hello, ARM!
   "
    len = . - msg
   .section .text
   _start:
    mov r0, 1
    ldr r1, =msg
    ldr r2, =len
    mov r7, 4
    swi 0
    mov r7, 1
    swi 0

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3. Save and exit the text editor.

4. Use the following command to compile the source code into an ARM binary executable file:

   as -o hello.o hello.S
   ld -o hello hello.o

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5. Execute the following command in the terminal to run the program:

   ./hello

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   The program will output Hello, ARM!.

   4. Commonly used parameters and options of GCC
   When compiling ARM programs, GCC has some commonly used parameters and options that can optimize the generated code and improve program performance and efficiency.

   1. Optimization level parameters: GCC provides optimization level parameters -O, which can control the degree of optimization of the compiler. Commonly used optimization level parameters are -O0 (no optimization), -O1 (basic optimization) and -O2 (higher optimization).
   2. Debugging options: GCC provides debugging-related options that can generate binary files for debugging. Commonly used debugging options are -g (generate debugging information) and -ggdb (generate debugging information available for the gdb debugger).
   3. Architecture parameters: GCC provides architecture parameters for specifying the architecture of the target processor. For example, you can use -march=armv7-a to specify an ARM Cortex-A series processor.
   4. Connector options: GCC provides connector options to control the behavior of the connector. Commonly used linker options are -nostdlib (do not use the standard library), -nostartfiles (do not use the startup file) and -nodefaultlibs (do not use the default library) .

   5. Summary
   In this article, we introduced how to configure GCC under Linux and the recommended configuration for using GCC for ARM programming. By installing the ARM cross-compilation tool chain and flexibly using GCC parameters and options, we can program ARM more efficiently.

   I hope this article will be helpful to beginners using GCC for ARM programming under Linux, and that readers can further explore and learn more knowledge and skills about ARM programming.

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