How to use WebSocket for real-time communication in PHP development

With the increasing development of the Internet, real-time communication has become an inseparable part of us. As one of the HTTP upgrade protocols, WebSocket is more efficient and stable based on the TCP protocol. In PHP development, how to use WebSocket to achieve real-time communication? This article will introduce it from the following aspects.

WebSocket Introduction

WebSocket is a network protocol that communicates based on the TCP protocol and is usually used for real-time communication. Different from the HTTP protocol, WebSocket can maintain a long connection between the server and the client, achieve full-duplex communication, and have higher data transmission efficiency. In the traditional HTTP protocol, the client obtains data from the server through a request, and the server responds to the request and then returns the data to the client. Even if there is no data transmission, the TCP connection needs to be maintained. In WebSocket, the connection only needs to be established once during the handshake, and subsequent data transmission can be based on this connection without the need to establish a connection every time.

Use Swoole extension

Swoole is a high-performance network communication framework developed for PHP. It supports coroutines and asynchronous IO operations, and also supports the WebSocket protocol. In the process of using Swoole extension to implement WebSocket real-time communication, you need to use the WebSocket server class provided by the Swoole library.

Install Swoole

# CentOS 6 系统下安装
sudo rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm
sudo rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm
sudo yum install php56w php56w-opcache php56w-devel php56w-pear gcc automake autoconf make
sudo pecl install swoole

Create WebSocket server

<?php
// 创建 WebSocket 服务器对象，监听 127.0.0.1:9502 端口
$server = new SwooleWebSocketServer("127.0.0.1", 9502);

// 监听 WebSocket 连接打开事件
$server->on('open', function (SwooleWebSocketServer $server, $request) {
    echo "client {$request->fd} opened
";
});

// 监听 WebSocket 消息事件
$server->on('message', function (SwooleWebSocketServer $server, $frame) {
    echo "received message: {$frame->data}
";
    $server->push($frame->fd, "received message: {$frame->data}");
});

// 监听 WebSocket 连接关闭事件
$server->on('close', function ($ser, $fd) {
    echo "client {$fd} closed
";
});

// 启动服务器
$server->start();

In the above code, we first create a WebSocket server object to monitor. Then use the $server->on() method to listen to WebSocket connection opening, messages, connection closing and other events respectively. After receiving the message sent by the client, the server will print the message content to the console and send the message back to the client through the $server->push() method.

Front-end page implementation

After creating the WebSocket server, we need to write JavaScript code on the front-end page, create a WebSocket object, and perform event monitoring and message sending. The specific code is as follows:

// 创建 WebSocket 对象
var ws = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:9502");

// 监听 WebSocket 连接打开事件
ws.onopen = function() {
    console.log("WebSocket connection established");
};

// 监听 WebSocket 消息事件
ws.onmessage = function(event) {
    console.log("received message: " + event.data);
};

// 监听 WebSocket 连接关闭事件
ws.onclose = function() {
    console.log("WebSocket connection closed");
};

// 发送消息
ws.send("hello world");

In the above code, we use new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:9502") to create a WebSocket object and pass ws respectively .onopen(), ws.onmessage() and ws.onclose() methods for event monitoring. When sending a message in the page, you can send the message to the server through the ws.send() method.

Conclusion

This article briefly introduces how to use WebSocket for real-time communication in PHP development, which involves the implementation of Swoole extension and front-end page. In actual use, it also needs to be adjusted and improved according to specific business needs. I hope this article can provide you with useful reference and help.

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