How to use PHP for basic automated operation and maintenance

In today's Internet era, operation and maintenance work has become an indispensable part of the development of Internet companies. Through automated operation and maintenance, more efficient, stable and secure IT management can be achieved. As a mainstream programming language, PHP also plays an important role in automated operation and maintenance. This article will introduce how to use PHP for basic automated operation and maintenance.

1. Automatic deployment

Automatic deployment is an important aspect of automated operation and maintenance. There is an open source deployment tool in PHP - Capistrano, which can easily realize automated deployment of code. Its basic The principle is to use the SSH protocol to remotely connect to the server to perform a series of automated operations. The following are the steps for automatic PHP deployment using Capistrano:

1. Install Capistrano

Open a terminal using the command line tool and enter the following command:

gem install capistrano

2. Configuring Capistrano

Create a new Capfile file in the root directory of your project, and then add the following code in it:

# 配置使用的插件
require 'capistrano/composer'
require 'capistrano/laravel'
require 'capistrano/passenger'
# 配置行为（任务）
set :application, 'your_application_name'
set :repo_url, 'your_git_repo_address'
set :branch, 'master'
set :deploy_to, '/var/www/your_application_name'
set :keep_releases, 5
set :linked_files, %w{.env}
set :linked_dirs, %w{storage}
namespace :deploy do
  after :finishing, 'composer:install'
  after :finishing, 'laravel:migrate'
  after :finishing, 'laravel:optimize'
  after :finishing, 'passenger:restart'
end

In the above configuration, we used three of Capistrano Plug-ins: composer, laravel and passenger. They are used to install PHP dependency packages, migrate the Laravel framework and restart the Passenger process. In addition, we also specified the application name, code repository address, deployment branch, deployment path, number of historical versions to retain, and files and directories that need to be linked. Enter the following command on the command line:

cap install

to generate the default deployment configuration file.

3. Deployment code

Enter the project root directory in the terminal and enter the following command:

cap production deploy

where production refers to your deployment server The name can be modified in config/deploy.rb.

2. Log monitoring

Log monitoring is an indispensable part of operation and maintenance work. When an abnormality occurs in the system, log-related information can help us locate the problem faster and solve it. . There is an open source log collection tool in PHP - Logstash, which can automatically push the data to the specified server when the log data changes. The following are the steps to use Logstash for PHP log monitoring:

1. Install Logstash

Enter the following command on the command line:

brew install logstash

Where brew is A package management tool on Mac OS systems. If you are using other systems, you can go to the official website to download the installation package and install it.

2. Configuring Logstash

Create a new logstash.conf file under the config/logstash/config folder and configure the corresponding parameters in it, for example:

input {
  file {
    path => "/var/www/your_application_name/storage/logs/laravel.log"
  }
}
filter {
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{HTTPDATE:timestamp} %{LOGLEVEL:loglevel}: %{GREEDYDATA:message}" }
    add_tag => ["%{loglevel}"]
    remove_field => ["message"]
  }
}

output {
  elasticsearch_http {
    host => ["127.0.0.1:9200"]
    index => "your_application_name-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}

The meaning of the above configuration is that we read data from the file with the file path /var/www/your_application_name/storage/logs/laravel.log, and then use grok regular expressions to separate the log information and combine it Mark it with the corresponding log level (such as WARNING, ERROR, etc.), and finally push the processed data to the locally running Elasticsearch server.

3. Run Logstash

Enter the following command in the terminal to start Logstash and read the configuration file we just wrote:

/opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /path/to/config/file/logstash.conf

Among them, /opt/logstash/bin represents your Logstash path, and /path/to/config/file/logstash.conf represents your configuration file path.

3. Automated tasks

Automated tasks refer to some scripts that are automatically executed at regular intervals, such as regular backups, off-site storage, etc., which can reduce the pressure of manual operations. There is an open source scheduled task management tool in PHP - Crontab, which can automatically execute corresponding scripts at specified times. The following are the steps for using Crontab for PHP automated task management:

1. Write a script

Write the specified task code in the corresponding script file.

2. Add a scheduled task

Enter the following command in the terminal:

crontab -e

Enter editing mode and add the following content to the file:

# 每周一备份数据库
0 0 * * 1 /usr/bin/php /path/to/script.php

The meaning of the above scheduled tasks is to execute the /path/to/script.php script at 00:00 every Monday, and implement the backup database operation in this script.

3. View scheduled tasks

Enter the following command in the terminal:

crontab -l

to view the configured scheduled tasks.

Summary

Through the above introduction, we can see that PHP plays an important role in realizing automated operation and maintenance. For beginners, you can refer to the above example code for further learning and practice. Of course, when performing automated operation and maintenance, you also need to pay attention to issues such as security, reliability, and stability. At the same time, when performing actual operations, it is recommended to use a test environment for experiments to ensure that it will not affect the formal production environment.

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