How to do basic natural language generation using PHP

Natural language generation is an artificial intelligence technology that converts data into natural language text. In today's big data era, more and more businesses need to visualize or present data to users, and natural language generation is a very effective method. PHP is a very popular server-side scripting language that can be used to develop web applications. This article will briefly introduce how to use PHP for basic natural language generation.

1. Introduction of natural language generation library

The function library that comes with PHP does not include the functions required for natural language generation, so we need to introduce some PHP natural language generation libraries . Among the more commonly used ones are:

• SimpleNLG: used to generate English natural language text.
• TextGen: used to generate some simple natural language text.

These libraries are usually provided as PHP extensions, so you need to install them and include them in your code.

2. Create templates

Before natural language generation, it is usually necessary to define some templates. A template is a text containing placeholders that will be replaced with actual data in the code. For example, here is a simple template:

在{{地点}}出现了{{数量}}只{{动物}}，它们挤满了{{人群}}。

This template contains three placeholders: place, quantity, and animal. In the code, we will replace these placeholders with actual data.

3. Generate text using PHP library

To generate natural language text using PHP library, we need to perform the following steps:

• Create a generate device object.
• Use object methods to set some parameters, such as templates, data, etc.
• Call the generation method to get the final natural language text.

The following is a sample code using the SimpleNLG library:

use simplenlgrameworkSPhraseSpec;
use simplenlglexiconXMLLexicon;
use simplenlg
lxsentencesRealiser;

$lexicon = new XMLLexicon();
$realiser = new Realiser($lexicon);

$sentence = new SPhraseSpec();
$sentence->setSubject("你");
$sentence->setVerb("吃");
$sentence->setObject("苹果");

$text = $realiser->realiseSentence($sentence);

In this example, we use the SimpleNLG library to generate a simple English sentence, "You ate the apple" . First, we create an XML thesaurus object and a Realiser object. Then, we create an SPhraseSpec object to represent the sentence we want to generate, setting its subject, predicate, and object. Finally, we call the realizeSentence method of the Realiser object to get the final English sentence.

4. Replace placeholders

Once we have the natural language text, we need to replace the placeholders with actual data. For example, if we use the template defined above, we can replace the placeholder like this:

$template = "在{{地点}}出现了{{数量}}只{{动物}}，它们挤满了{{人群}}。";

$data = [
    "地点" => "动物园",
    "数量" => 10,
    "动物" => "大象",
    "人群" => "游客"
];

$text = str_replace(array_map(function($key) { return "{{{$key}}}"; }, array_keys($data)), array_values($data), $template);

In this code, we define a data array containing the actual data that we want to replace the placeholder with. Then, we use the str_replace function to replace the placeholder with data. Notice that we used the array_map and array_keys functions to generate an array of placeholders, and the array_values ​​function to get the values ​​from the data array.

5. Generate natural language text

Finally, we can combine the above steps to achieve natural language generation. For example, we can reference data in the database in the template:

$template = "{{城市}}长{{长度}}公里，共有{{人口}}人。";
$query = "SELECT * FROM cities WHERE name='上海'";
$data = $pdo->query($query)->fetch();

$text = str_replace(array_map(function($key) { return "{{{$key}}}"; }, array_keys($data)), array_values($data), $template);

echo $text;

In this example, we define a query statement to obtain information about the city of Shanghai from the database. We then combine the obtained data with the template, use the str_replace function to replace the placeholders with actual data, and finally generate natural language text.

Summary

This article introduces how to use PHP for basic natural language generation, including creating templates, using PHP libraries to generate text, replacing placeholders, and generating natural language text. Although these techniques are only part of natural language generation, they are very useful for handling some basic natural language text rendering tasks. At the same time, attention should also be paid to data accuracy and security to avoid leaking sensitive information.

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