Design and implementation of Spring Cloud integrated microservice architecture

With the continuous development of the Internet, more and more enterprises choose to divide their business into different subsystems to avoid system bloat and unmaintainability. Because this makes it easier for developers to maintain and update, while also maintaining high availability and performance when dealing with high concurrency and large data volumes. And such an architecture is a microservice architecture.

The advantages of microservice architecture are obvious, but in the process of architecture, various thorny problems need to be overcome. For example, how to resolve dependencies between services, how to resolve service unavailability caused by network interruptions, and how to enable each service to manage its own status during its own life cycle. This requires a tool to implement a microservice architecture, and Spring Cloud is such a tool.

Spring is a very popular development framework that provides many components to implement business functions. With the needs of microservice architecture, Spring also provides us with various components needed in microservice architecture by introducing Spring Cloud. kind of service. Spring Cloud contains many sub-projects, such as Netflix Eureka, Netflix Ribbon, Zuul, etc., which can help us quickly build and deploy microservice applications and ensure that they can operate efficiently. Let's take a look at how to implement a microservice architecture based on Spring Cloud.

1. Service registration

In the microservice architecture, service registration is a very important step because it allows various services to communicate more efficiently. The service should provide a registration API so that other services can learn about the various available services and their locations through this API. In order to implement service registration, we can use Spring Cloud's integration of Netflix Eureka. Eureka is a service registration and discovery server that provides a mechanism to ensure high availability. The following is an example of service registration for RocketMQ.

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class RocketMQApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RocketMQApplication.class, args);
    }
}

We can see that when starting the Application, just add the @EnableDiscoveryClient annotation to complete the service registration.

2. Service routing

Service routing is another area worthy of attention. Since microservice architecture applications are usually composed of multiple subsystems, the communication between them becomes complex, and the dependencies between services also become complex. The function of the service gateway is to uniformly process requests from the entire application and present a consistent service interface to the client. Zuul is a gateway service provided by Spring Cloud that is responsible for routing requests and service access. It can direct routing based on request path matching.

3. Service load balancing

In a system with high concurrency and high traffic, service load balancing is the key to ensuring high system availability. Ribbon is a tool to solve this problem. It helps us easily configure load balancers based on microservice architecture. First, we can use the @LoadBalanced annotation to enable RestTemplate to be proxied by Ribbon. Then use the service name (instead of the URL) in restTemplate to call the service to achieve load balancing.

4. Service fault tolerance

Service fault tolerance is another very important factor. We need to ensure that each service manages its own state during its life cycle and is recoverable and exits safely if other services have problems. It is very simple to implement service fault tolerance using Hystrix.

Netflix Hystrix is ​​a fault-tolerant and delayed shutdown library. It provides us with a fallback mechanism to ensure that we can still get a useful response in the event of a service error or response timeout. Let's take a look at the usage:

@Service
public class StockService {

    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;

    @Autowired
    private StockFallback stockFallback;

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getStockFallback")
    public Integer getStock(Long productId) {
        Product product = productService.findProductById(productId);
        if (product == null) {
            return stockFallback.getStockFallback(productId);
        } else {
            // TODO: do something
            return 0;
        }
    }

    private Integer getStockFallback(Long productId) {
        return -1;
    }
}

@Component
public class StockFallback implements StockService {

    @Override
    public Integer getStock(Long productId) {
        return -1;
    }
}

We can see that when an error occurs when calling the product service, the inventory service will get the error response by calling the callback method getStockFallback.

5. Service tracking

In a microservice architecture, you need a good tracking tool that can help you understand the operation and performance of each service in the system. Zipkin is a distributed tracking system that can easily help you achieve this function.

6. Service deployment

Service deployment is the last step in system development. Since each service in the microservice architecture is independent, the deployment of services becomes very easy. As a very popular containerization tool, Docker can provide us with a fast and reliable solution for service deployment.

Conclusion

Microservice architecture is becoming the first choice for more and more enterprises. To implement a microservice architecture, we need a reliable tool, and Spring Cloud is such a tool. It solves all the problems required in microservice architecture such as service registration, service routing, service load balancing, service fault tolerance, service tracking and service deployment in one stop. Therefore, we can rely on Spring Cloud to make our applications run more efficiently.

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