Common commands and shortcuts in Linux systems

With the widespread application of the Linux operating system, more and more people begin to need to learn and understand the basic commands and shortcuts in the Linux system. In this article, we will introduce some commonly used Linux commands and shortcuts to help beginners understand the Linux system and improve work efficiency.

1. Commonly used commands

1.1 ls command

The ls command is one of the most commonly used commands in Linux. It is mainly used to list files and subdirectories in the current directory. Commonly used options are:

-l: Display file information in long format, including file type, file permissions, owner, group, file size, creation date, file name, etc.

-a: Display all files, including hidden files.

-h: Display file size in human-readable format.

Example: ls -lha /home/user/

1.2 cd command

The cd command is used to switch the current working directory. When a user logs into the system, the default current working directory is the user's home directory. Commonly used options are:

..: Switch to the upper directory.

-: Return to the previous working directory.

Example: cd /var/www/html/

1.3 mkdir command

The mkdir command is used to create an empty directory. Commonly used options are:

-p: Create multi-level directories recursively.

Example: mkdir -p /home/user/test/

1.4 cp command

The cp command is used to copy files or directories. Commonly used options are:

-r: Copy the directory and its subdirectories and files.

-p: Keep the properties of the source file, including permissions, timestamps, etc.

Example: cp -rp /var/www/html /home/user/

1.5 mv command

The mv command is used to move or rename files or directories. Commonly used options are:

-f: Do not ask, force overwriting of existing target files.

-i: Ask, if the target file already exists, prompt whether to overwrite it.

Example: mv /var/www/html /var/www/backup/

1.6 rm command

The rm command is used to delete files or directories. Commonly used options are:

-r: Recursively delete the directory and its subdirectories and files.

-f: No confirmation operation is performed.

Example: rm -rf /var/www/html/

2. Shortcut

2.1 Tab completion

Tab completion All are very commonly used shortcuts in the Linux command line. When the user enters a command or path, pressing the Tab key can automatically complete the files or commands in the current directory, saving operation time and reducing manual input errors.

2.2 Ctrl C and Ctrl Z

Ctrl C shortcut key is used to terminate the current command, which can help users quickly exit wrong commands or operations.

Ctrl Z shortcut key is used to pause the current command, put it into the background for execution, and return to the command line prompt. Can be used to suspend, resume and manage background processes.

2.3 Ctrl D and Ctrl T

Ctrl D shortcut key is used to indicate the end of input and can be used to confirm the current input or the end of the file.

Ctrl T shortcut key is used to exchange the characters at the cursor position, which can be used to quickly adjust the character position in the command or path.

Conclusion

This article introduces the commonly used commands and shortcuts in Linux systems. Although these commands and shortcut keys may seem simple, for beginners, accumulating and mastering this knowledge is an important step in establishing a good Linux foundation. I hope this article can help readers better understand Linux systems and improve their productivity and efficiency.

The above is the detailed content of Common commands and shortcuts in Linux systems. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!