PHP implementation framework: Lumen framework introductory tutorial

Lumen is a PHP-based microframework developed by Laravel framework developers. It was originally designed to quickly build small API applications and microservices, while retaining some components and features of the Laravel framework. The Lumen framework is lightweight, fast, and easy to use, so it has received widespread attention and use. In this article, we will quickly get started with the Lumen framework and learn how to use the Lumen framework to build simple API applications.

1. Framework preparation

Before learning the Lumen framework, we need to prepare the framework first. The Lumen framework can be installed using composer, so composer needs to be installed before installing Lumen. First, we need to go to the composer official website to download and install: https://getcomposer.org/download/. After the installation is complete, we can check whether composer is successfully installed on the command line:

$ composer -v

We can find the download address of Lumen on the Lumen official website, or we can use composer directly Download. Enter the following command on the command line to download and install:

$ composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/lumen app

Here, we use the composer command to download the Lumen framework and install it Install into a directory called "app".

2. Routing management

The routing management of the Lumen framework is very simple and clear. We only need to define the corresponding routing rules in the routes/web.php file. The following is a simple routing setting example:

<?php

$router->get('/', function () use ($router) {
    return $router->app->version();
});

$router->get('/users', 'UserController@index');
$router->get('/users/{id}', 'UserController@show');

Here, we define three routing rules. The first is the default route. When accessing the homepage of the website, the Lumen version number is returned by default; the second route is used to obtain the user list, and the corresponding controller method is "index" in UserController; the third route is used to To obtain detailed information about a specific user, the corresponding controller method is "show" in UserController.

3. Controller management

The controller management of the Lumen framework is similar to the Laravel framework. We can define the corresponding controller in the app/Http/Controllers directory. The following is an example of a UserController controller:

<?php

namespace AppHttpControllers;

use IlluminateHttpRequest;
use AppUser;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $users = User::all();

        return response()->json($users);
    }

    public function show($id)
    {
        $user = User::find($id);

        return response()->json($user);
    }
}

Here, we define two controller methods, corresponding to the user list and obtaining user details. At the same time, we use the response method in the Lumen framework to return data in json format.

4. Database Operation

The Lumen framework can perform database operations through the Eloquent ORM built into the Laravel framework. We can configure the corresponding database in the config/database.php file, and then perform database queries and operations through the model. The following is a simple example:

<?php

namespace App;

use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;

class User extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['name', 'email', 'password'];
}

This is a simple User model, which defines the fillable attribute to specify the field names that can be modified. We can use this model in UserController for query and modification operations:

<?php

namespace AppHttpControllers;

use IlluminateHttpRequest;
use AppUser;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $users = User::all();

        return response()->json($users);
    }

    public function show($id)
    {
        $user = User::find($id);

        return response()->json($user);
    }

    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $this->validate($request, [
            'name' => 'required',
            'email' => 'required|unique:users',
            'password' => 'required'
        ]);

        $user = User::create([
            'name' => $request->input('name'),
            'email' => $request->input('email'),
            'password' => password_hash($request->input('password'), PASSWORD_DEFAULT)
        ]);

        return response()->json($user, 201);
    }
}

Here, we have added a store method to receive POST requests and save user data to the database.

5. Get results

Finally, we can use the command line to start the built-in PHP development server for testing. Run the following command in the framework root directory:

$ php -S localhost:8000 -t public

Then visit http://localhost:8000/users in the browser and you will be successful Get user list information. Similarly, accessing http://localhost:8000/users/1 will also successfully obtain the specific user information with ID 1.

Summary

The above is the development process of a complete API application of the Lumen framework. The Lumen framework provides a lightweight and convenient API development method while retaining some of the excellent features of the Laravel framework, which can help us quickly build small API applications and microservices. If you are interested in Lumen framework, you can try to use it in real projects.

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