MySql replication and clustering: how to implement large-scale distributed databases

With the development of business and the gradual increase in data volume, a single database can no longer fully meet the needs, and distributed database systems have become an important solution in the industry. MySQL is currently one of the most popular relational databases, and there are many solutions for using MySQL to build distributed databases. In this article, we will delve into MySQL replication and clustering and how to implement large-scale distributed databases.

1. MySQL’s infrastructure

MySQL’s infrastructure is mainly composed of three parts: client, server, and storage engine. The storage engine is the real core component of MySQL, responsible for data storage and retrieval. MySQL supports a variety of storage engines, the more commonly used ones are InnoDB, MyISAM, etc.

2. MySQL replication

MySQL replication refers to synchronizing the data and operation logs of one database to other servers. The "other server" here can be a slave server or a master server.

1. Master-slave replication

Master-slave replication is the most basic and most commonly used replication method in MySQL. In master-slave replication, all write operations are only allowed on the master server, and the slave server is only responsible for receiving and executing operations on the master server. This method can effectively improve the availability of the system and also improve the read performance.

The implementation of master-slave replication is also very simple. You only need to enable Binlog on the master server and configure the corresponding binlog location on the slave server.

2. Master-master replication

Master-master replication refers to configuring two MySQL servers as master servers and synchronizing changes with each other. This approach can greatly improve the fault tolerance and availability of the system. In master-master replication, both server A and server B can work at the same time, and data changes will be synchronized to each other at the same time.

The implementation of master-master replication is also very simple. You only need to enable Binlog on both Server A and Server B, and configure the corresponding binlog locations on the other server.

3. MySQL cluster

MySQL cluster refers to the formation of multiple MySQL servers into a highly available cluster system, which achieves load balancing of reading and writing to the database through a distributed architecture, thereby improving System performance and availability.

MySQL clusters are mainly divided into the following two types:

1. Master-slave replication cluster

In master-slave replication, you only need to Operations are transferred to the slave server, and all write operations are only allowed to be performed on the master server. This can achieve the effect of read-write separation and load balancing.

The implementation of the master-slave replication cluster is also very simple. You only need to configure the master-slave replication. However, in actual applications, since all read operations are performed on the slave server, if the master server fails, the entire system will fall into an unavailable state.

2. MySQL Cluster

MySQL Cluster is a high-availability cluster system based on the NDB storage engine. In the MySQL Cluster cluster, all data is stored in the NDB storage engine, and multiple data nodes share the same data. At the same time, these nodes ensure system availability through data replication and master-slave switching.

MySQL Cluster cluster is relatively complex to implement and requires the configuration of multiple data nodes and management nodes. However, this method can achieve seamless expansion of the system and meet scenarios that require large-scale distributed data storage.

4. Summary

In general, MySQL replication and clustering are indispensable elements in a distributed database system. Among them, replication plays an important role in data distribution and backup, while clusters can use distributed architecture to improve the read and write performance, high availability and scalability of the system. When choosing MySQL, you need to choose the most suitable solution based on your business situation and needs.

The above is the detailed content of MySql replication and clustering: how to implement large-scale distributed databases. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!