In-depth analysis of MySQL password encryption method

With the development of the Internet, MySQL, as an open source relational database management system, is widely used in various applications. One of the important security issues is the encryption and storage of MySQL user passwords. So, what are the methods for MySQL password encryption? This article will give you an in-depth analysis.

MySQL password storage method

Before understanding the MySQL password encryption method, let’s first understand the storage method of MySQL password. Before MySQL version 5.7, the one-way hash algorithm (SHA1) was used to encrypt user passwords and store them in the authentication_string field in the mysql.user table. After version 5.7, MySQL proposed to change to use a new password hash (caching_sha2_password) for encryption to improve security.

MySQL password encryption method

1. SHA1

SHA1 is a one-way hash algorithm that can convert user passwords into fixed-length hashes value, and the hash value generated by the same plaintext password is always the same. This algorithm is commonly used in security fields such as digital signatures and message authentication codes. The syntax of the SHA1 function is as follows:

SELECT SHA1('password');

However, because the algorithm is one-way and does not add salt, it is easy to be cracked by brute force. Therefore, MySQL no longer uses this algorithm for password encryption after version 5.7.

2. MD5

MD5 is also a one-way hash algorithm that is currently widely used in the development field. Although the MD5 algorithm has been cracked in some cases, it is secure enough for ordinary password encryption. Similarly, using the MD5 function to encrypt user passwords also risks being cracked by brute force.

SELECT MD5('password');

3. SHA2

SHA2 is an enhanced version of SHA1 and has higher security. The SHA2 function accepts two parameters, the first parameter is the password plaintext, the second parameter is the salted string, and returns the salted password hash value.

SELECT SHA2('password123','salthere');

When using the SHA2 function for encryption, the choice of salted string is very important, because the more complex the salted string, The harder it is to crack.

4. PASSWORD

PASSWORD is a built-in function in MySQL that can encrypt user passwords in a one-way hash. The PASSWORD function uses a hash function composed of a salted string to encrypt the plaintext password and store it in the authentication_string field.

SELECT PASSWORD('password');

However, this method is also easy to be cracked by brute force.

5. Caching_sha2_password

Caching_sha2_password is a new password encryption method added after MySQL version 5.7. It uses the SHA-256 algorithm. When using Caching_sha2_password for password encryption, you first need to enable the encryption feature:

SET GLOBAL validate_password.policy=LOW; SET GLOBAL validate_password.length=6; ALTER USER 'username'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' ;

Among them, the validate_password.policy parameter specifies the password policy, and the validate_password.length parameter specifies the minimum length of the encrypted password.

The password hash value encrypted using Caching_sha2_password is stored in the authentication_string field of the mysql.user table. Compared with previous password encryption methods, Caching_sha2_password can better prevent brute force cracking and dictionary attacks.

Summary

There are many MySQL password encryption methods, such as SHA1, MD5, SHA2, PASSWORD and Caching_sha2_password, etc. When choosing an appropriate encryption method, you need to make a choice based on specific application scenarios and requirements. At the same time, when encrypting and storing user passwords, you also need to pay attention to the selection of salt strings and the configuration of encryption strength to better ensure the security of passwords.

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