What is Cgo in Golang

Cgo in Golang is a mechanism provided by the Go language for interoperability between Go programs and C/C programs. It provides Go programmers with a way to directly call the C library and use the C language The way the code is written.

Operating system for this tutorial: Windows 10 system, Go1.20.1 version, Dell G3 computer.

Golang Cgo is a mechanism provided by the Go language for interoperability between Go programs and C/C programs. It provides Go programmers with a way to directly call C libraries and code written in the C language.

Cgo mainly has the following functions:

1. Call C library: Using Cgo can easily call library files written in C language.

2. Improve program performance: Cgo can perform C function calls as fast as Go calls functions, and there is no need to write complex code.

3. Reduce development difficulty: Using Cgo, you can use existing C libraries or combine Go programs with C programs without learning C language or C language.

The following is a simple example of using Cgo to call the C language library. In this example, we use Cgo to access the strlen function in the libc library:

package main
//#include<string.h>
import "C"
import "unsafe"
func main(){
    str := "Hello, world!"
    cstr := C.CString(str)
    defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cstr))
    length := C.strlen(cstr)
    println(length)
}

• In the above example, we use import "C" to introduce the Cgo support library in the Go code.

• And introduce the header file of the C library by #include on line 3.

• Line 6 obtains the C language form cstr of the string str.

• Then the C library function strlen is called on line 8 to get the length of the string and output the result. On the last line, we use free() to free the previously allocated memory.

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