Database connection and technology selection in Go language

With the popularity of the Internet, data has become a core resource for enterprises and applications. Whether it is storing user information, transaction data, or product information, a stable and scalable database is needed for management. As business data grows, the performance and reliability of the connection to the database become increasingly critical, especially in high-concurrency environments.

As an emerging language, Go language has advantages such as high concurrency, high performance, and scalability. It is also very popular in database connection and technology selection. This article will explain in detail the database connection and technology selection in the Go language.

1. Database connection method

1.1 Native library

There are many native database driver libraries in Go language, such as go-sql-driver/mysql, lib/pq, etc. , often used to connect to relational databases such as MySQL and PostgreSQL. These libraries only need to use the connection information of the corresponding database to connect to the database, and they are relatively simple to use.

For example, using go-sql-driver/mysql to connect to the MySQL database only requires the following steps:

import (
    "database/sql"
    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/dbname")

The database connection string "user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1: 3306)/dbname", user, password, and dbname need to be replaced with the corresponding database user name, password, and database name respectively.

The advantage of the native library for connecting to the database is that it is easy to use and suitable for small-scale projects.

1.2 ORM (Object Relational Mapping)

ORM is a technology that maps the table structure of a relational database to objects. This technology can save the process of manually writing SQL statements, but operate the database through the API provided by the ORM, convert objects into rows in the database, or map rows in the table into objects.

There are also many ORM libraries in the Go language, such as GORM, XORM, Beego's ORM, etc. Taking GORM as an example, using GORM to connect to a MySQL database only requires the following steps:

import (
    "gorm.io/gorm"
    "gorm.io/driver/mysql"
)

dsn := "user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/dbname?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})

Among them, dsn is the string used to connect to the MySQL database, including database user name, password, database address, database name and other information .

ORM is suitable for medium and large projects. It has more flexible query and operation methods, making the code easier to read and maintain.

2. Technology selection

2.1 MySQL

MySQL is one of the most popular open source relational databases. It is written in C and C and is known for its speed, stability and reliability. Known for its scalability. In addition to the open source community version, MySQL also provides a commercial version, which provides better performance and availability guarantees. Compared with other relational databases, the advantages of MySQL are:

• Mature and stable: MySQL version is very stable and has rich open source community and commercial support.
• Simple and easy to use: MySQL focuses on relational data storage, its functions are simple and easy to use, and it is easy to develop quickly.
• High availability: MySQL's features such as replication, Failover, and High Availability ensure the high availability of the database.

2.2 PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL is another open source relational database with completely consistent SQL implementation and advanced features, supporting custom data types, query planning and optimization, and storage Functions such as procedures and triggers allow it to handle relationships in extremely complex data. Compared with MySQL, the advantages of PostgreSQL are:

• Processing complex data: PostgreSQL supports JSON, XML data types, and native operations of general arrays, dictionaries, and JSON types.
• ACID feature: PostgreSQL handles concurrent reading and writing based on the MVCC (Multi-Version Concurrency Control) mechanism, which supports high concurrency while ensuring data integrity.
• Extension capabilities: PostgreSQL supports custom types, custom functions, custom operators, etc., which can logically customize and optimize operations in the database.

2.3 TiDB

TiDB is a distributed NewSQL database that can be seamlessly expanded to multiple nodes and supports SQL and transactions. The system combines distributed computing and distributed storage to provide an out-of-the-box distributed database solution. Compared with traditional relational databases and NoSQL databases, the advantages of TiDB are:

• Distributed storage: TiDB increases the reliability and scalability of the system through distributed storage, supporting cross- Regional and cross-data center deployment.
• Read and write separation: TiDB supports multiple replication methods, which can meet the performance requirements of a large number of read requests.
• High availability: TiDB’s Raft consistency algorithm provides high availability and data security for the system.

2.4 MongoDB

MongoDB is a high-performance, scalable, document-oriented NoSQL database. MongoDB uses standard JSON format to store data and supports aggregation operations, geographical location queries and complex multi-table join query functions. Compared with traditional relational databases, the advantage of MongoDB is that it can handle various problems caused by very large data sets, many read and write operations, and high concurrent reading and writing.

Suitable for storing semi-structured and unstructured data, with relatively high database query efficiency and reading efficiency.
• High flexibility: MongoDB’s document model can help developers process and store different types of data more easily.
• Summarize

When conducting database connection and technology selection in Go language, we need to choose the corresponding methods and solutions based on business scenarios and specific needs. Native libraries are suitable for small-scale projects, and ORM is suitable for medium- and large-scale projects. In terms of database selection, MySQL and PostgreSQL are representatives of traditional relational databases and have strong capabilities in processing transactions. For NoSQL databases, MongoDB is a good choice; and TiDB is a distributed NewSQL database that is receiving more and more attention. We need to have a clear understanding of the business scenario and carefully evaluate the technical solutions before we can choose the database connection method and technical solution that best suits us.

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