nodejs network segment conversion

In network communication, IP address is a very important piece of information. IP addresses are divided into two types: IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 uses a 32-bit address format, while IPv6 uses a 128-bit address format. In practical applications, IP addresses often need to be divided into network segments and converted. This article will introduce how to use nodejs to divide and convert IPv4 addresses into network segments.

1. IP address format

In the IPv4 address, the IP address format is composed of four groups of eight-digit binary numbers separated by dots. Such as "192.168.1.1". In the IPv6 address, the IP address format is composed of 8 groups of sixteen-digit binary numbers, and each group is separated by a colon. For example, "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334".

2. Subnet mask of IP address

The subnet mask of IP address is used to indicate the network segment where an IP address is located. It is a 32-bit binary number. Among them, 1 bit represents the network number, and 0 bit represents the host number.

For example, under the IP address 10.0.0.0, if the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, it means that the network segment where the IP address is located is 10.0.0.0/24. That is, the network number is 10.0.0, and the host number is the third 8-digit binary number. In addition, there are many other representations of subnet masks, such as CIDR representation.

3. The ipaddr module of nodejs

The ipaddr module of nodejs provides methods for parsing and converting IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, and can also easily divide and convert network segments.

1. Install the ipaddr module

Use the npm install ipaddr command to install the ipaddr module, which can be seen in the node_modules folder under the project folder.

2.Introduce the ipaddr module

In the file that needs to use the ipaddr module, use the const ipaddr = require('ipaddr.js') command to introduce the ipaddr module.

3. Convert IP address to ipaddr object

Use the ipaddr.parse() method to convert IPv4 and IPv6 addresses into ipaddr objects.

For example, to convert "192.168.1.1" to an ipaddr object, you can use the following code:

const ip = ipaddr.parse('192.168.1.1');

4. Determine the IP address type

Use the ipaddr.IPv4.isValid() and ipaddr.IPv6.isValid() methods to determine whether the IP address is an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address. The return value is true or false.

For example, to determine whether "192.168.1.1" is an IPv4 address, you can use the following code:

const ip = ipaddr.parse('192.168.1.1');
if(ipaddr .IPv4.isValid(ip)) {
console.log('IPv4 address');
} else {
console.log('Not an IPv4 address');
}

5. Determine whether the IP address is in the specified IP network segment

Use the ipaddr.subnetMatch() method to determine whether the IP address is in the specified IP network segment. This method receives two parameters, the first parameter is the IP address, and the second parameter is the IP network segment to be queried, in the format of "network segment address/subnet mask".

For example, to determine whether "192.168.1.1" is in the IP network segment "192.168.1.0/24", you can use the following code:

const ip = ipaddr.parse('192.168. 1.1');
const subnet = ipaddr.parseCIDR('192.168.1.0/24');
if(ipaddr.subnetMatch(ip, subnet)) {
console.log('At the specified IP In the network segment');
} else {
console.log('Not in the specified IP network segment');
}

6. Convert the IP network segment to CIDR representation Method

Use the ipaddr.subnetMatch() method to convert the IP network segment into CIDR notation. This method receives two parameters, the first parameter is the IP network segment address, and the second parameter is the subnet mask.

For example, to convert "192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0" to CIDR notation, "192.168.1.0/24", you can use the following code:

const subnet = ipaddr.parseCIDR( '192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0');
const cidr = subnet.toString();
console.log(cidr);

4. Summary

Through the above In the content, we have learned the basic concepts of IP addresses and subnet masks, and how to use the ipaddr module in nodejs to divide and convert IPv4 addresses into network segments.

The rapid development of the network has put forward higher requirements for the management of IP addresses and network segments. I hope this article can help everyone understand and apply IP address translation.

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