How to perform trusted computing and cryptography in PHP?

With the continuous development of network technology, it is becoming more and more common for us to use the network for data transmission and information processing. However, what follows is data security issues, among which trusted computing and cryptography technology are the most important. In PHP, how to perform trusted computing and cryptography is an issue that requires attention.

1. Trusted Computing

Trusted computing refers to the use of hardware or software technical means in a computer system to ensure the safety and reliability of the operation of the computing system and to ensure the accuracy of calculation results. sex and consistency. In PHP, trusted computing mainly focuses on the use of digital signatures and message authentication codes. The following is a detailed introduction:

1. Digital signature

Digital signature refers to the A digital identification generated after the electronic document is encrypted using a private key, which can be used to prove the source and integrity of the electronic document. The application of digital signatures in PHP is mainly during the data transmission process. After the sender digitally signs the data, it is sent to the receiver. The receiver can ensure the source and integrity of the data by verifying the digital signature. The specific implementation can use the functions provided by the OpenSSL extension library. The following is an example of using the OpenSSL extension library for digital signature operations:

//生成RSA公钥和私钥
$res = openssl_pkey_new(array('private_key_bits' => 1024, 'private_key_type' => OPENSSL_KEYTYPE_RSA));

//获取私钥
openssl_pkey_export($res, $private_key);

//获取公钥
$public_key = openssl_pkey_get_details($res);
$public_key = $public_key['key'];

//将需要签名的数据使用私钥进行加密生成数字签名
openssl_sign($data, $signature, $private_key, 'sha1WithRSAEncryption');

//将数字签名和数据一起发送给对方
$encrypted_data = base64_encode($signature . '|' . $data);

In this way, the public key can be used to verify the digital signature after the receiver receives the data. , the following is an example of using the OpenSSL extension library for digital signature verification:

//将接收到的数据解密得到数字签名和数据
$decrypted_data = base64_decode($received_data);
$signature = substr($decrypted_data, 0, strpos($decrypted_data, '|'));
$data = substr($decrypted_data, strpos($decrypted_data, '|') + 1);

//验证数字签名
$verify = openssl_verify($data, $signature, $public_key, 'sha1WithRSAEncryption');

if ($verify == 1) {
    //数字签名验证通过，数据来源和完整性得到保证
} else {
    //数字签名验证未通过，数据可能已被篡改
}

2. Message authentication code

The message authentication code refers to an electronic document using a key. A digital ID generated after encryption can be used to prove the integrity of electronic documents. In PHP, the message authentication code is mainly implemented through the HMAC algorithm. The following is an example of using the HMAC algorithm to perform message authentication code operations:

//生成密钥
$key = 'this is a secret key';

//计算消息认证码
$mac = hash_hmac('sha1', $data, $key);

//将数据和消息认证码一起发送给对方
$encrypted_data = base64_encode($mac . '|' . $data);

After the receiver receives the data, it can verify it by calculating the message authentication code Data integrity, the following is an example of using the HMAC algorithm for message authentication code verification:

//将接收到的数据解密得到消息认证码和数据
$decrypted_data = base64_decode($received_data);
$mac = substr($decrypted_data, 0, strpos($decrypted_data, '|'));
$data = substr($decrypted_data, strpos($decrypted_data, '|') + 1);

//计算消息认证码
$verify_mac = hash_hmac('sha1', $data, $key);

if ($mac == $verify_mac) {
    //消息认证码验证通过，数据完整性得到保证
} else {
    //消息认证码验证未通过，数据可能已被篡改
}

2. Cryptographic technology

Cryptographic technology refers to the use of various algorithms and technologies in computer systems Means to protect sensitive data from being stolen or tampered with by malicious attackers. The application of cryptography technology in PHP mainly uses encryption algorithms to encrypt and decrypt data. The following is a detailed introduction:

1. Symmetric encryption

Symmetric encryption refers to the encryption and decryption of data. An encryption technique that uses the same key during the decryption process. In PHP, commonly used symmetric encryption algorithms include DES, 3DES, AES, etc. The following is an example of symmetric encryption and decryption using the AES algorithm:

//生成AES密钥
$key = 'this is a secret key';

//加密数据
$encrypted_data = openssl_encrypt($data, 'AES-128-CBC', $key, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv);
$encrypted_data = base64_encode($iv . '|' . $encrypted_data);

//解密数据
$decrypted_data = base64_decode($encrypted_data);
$iv = substr($decrypted_data, 0, 16);
$encrypted_data = substr($decrypted_data, 16);

$decrypted_data = openssl_decrypt($encrypted_data, 'AES-128-CBC', $key, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv);

2. Asymmetric encryption

Asymmetric encryption refers to the use of different keys during encryption and decryption processes encryption technology. In PHP, commonly used asymmetric encryption algorithms include RSA and so on. The following is an example of asymmetric encryption and decryption using the RSA algorithm:

//生成RSA公钥和私钥
$res = openssl_pkey_new(array('private_key_bits' => 1024, 'private_key_type' => OPENSSL_KEYTYPE_RSA));

//获取私钥
openssl_pkey_export($res, $private_key);

//获取公钥
$public_key = openssl_pkey_get_details($res);
$public_key = $public_key['key'];

//加密数据
openssl_public_encrypt($data, $encrypted_data, $public_key);

//解密数据
openssl_private_decrypt($encrypted_data, $decrypted_data, $private_key);

Summary

Performing trusted computing and cryptographic technology operations in PHP is an important means to ensure data security and reliability. Among them, trusted computing mainly focuses on the use of digital signatures and message authentication codes, and cryptography technology mainly uses symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption algorithms to encrypt and decrypt data. Mastering the use of trusted computing and cryptography technology can effectively improve the security and stability of the system and provide users with better services.

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