With the continuous development of information technology, enterprise databases are becoming more and more important, because all core business data of the company are stored in the database. Among them, Oracle database is one of the most performant, most complete and popular databases in the industry. However, in order to ensure the stability and security of the Oracle database, it needs to regularly update patches to fix vulnerabilities in the software. This article will introduce the installation process of Oracle patches.
1. Obtaining patches
Before installing Oracle patches, we need to prepare the patch packages that need to be installed. Oracle will regularly release new patches and release the official download URL. Users can find the patch package suitable for their environment on the download page.
Before downloading, the user needs to determine the following information:
Based on the above information, select the corresponding patch package and download it. Before downloading, it is recommended that users create a new directory to store patch packages to avoid confusion during the installation process.
2. Patch decompression and preparation
After we download the required patch package from the official website, we need to decompress it and prepare the environment required for installation. Before decompressing the patch package, we need to create a directory for it:
$ mkdir /u01/patch
Then copy the downloaded compressed file to the /u01/patch directory.
$ cp p
Extract the file:
$ cd /u01/patch
$ unzip p
After decompression, you will see a file named README in the directory, which contains information about the patch and installation steps. Users are advised to read this file carefully before installation to ensure proper installation and configuration.
3. Close the Oracle database and monitoring
Before installing the Oracle patch, we need to close the database and monitoring. This is because the files of the Oracle database need to be modified when installing the patch. If the database is running, it may cause data loss and damage to the database structure.
Close Oracle database:
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown immediate
Close listening:
$ lsnrctl stop
4. Install the patch
After the environment preparation required for installation is completed, we can start installing the Oracle patch.
Before execution, we need to switch to the home directory where the Oracle software is installed, which is Oracle_home. If you are not sure about the location of Oracle_home, please run the following command:
$ env | grep ORACLE_HOME
Before installing the patch, we need to run the following command in the Oracle_home directory:
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
This command will list all patch information installed in Oracle_home. Find the patch ID to upgrade in this list.
Then, we can start installing the patch:
$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply
During the patch installation, we need to follow the guidelines provided in the README file, For example, enter an alternate administrator password. After the installation is complete, we can restart the Oracle database and listen.
Restart Oracle database:
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup
Restart monitoring:
$ lsnrctl start
5. Patch verification
In order to ensure that the patch has been installed and configured correctly, we need to verify it. Open a terminal window under Oracle_home and use the following command:
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
At this point, we will see A detailed patch list with information about all installed patches. If we see the patch package we just installed in the list, congratulations, you have successfully installed the Oracle patch.
6. Summary
In short, in order to ensure the security and stability of the Oracle database, we need to follow the formal Oracle patch installation process. Before proceeding, please make sure you have backed up your data and configuration files and follow the steps on the official documentation to avoid unnecessary data loss and system damage.
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