golang barrage implementation

Barrage, with the continuous development of live broadcast, video and other fields, has gradually expanded its application scope and become an indispensable component in live broadcast, video and other fields. Barrage can increase interactivity, improve user experience, and make viewing more interesting. Using the Golang language to implement the barrage function can improve the concurrency and performance of the program, and also contribute to the readability and maintainability of the code.

This article will introduce how to use Golang to implement the barrage function, and attach corresponding code examples. First, you need to understand the architecture of the barrage platform: the client (sender) sends barrage to the server through the barrage protocol, and the server receives the barrage request and parses and stores it, while broadcasting the barrage to all viewers (receivers).

Based on this, we can divide the barrage into three modules: client, server and message broadcast module. In server-side implementation, concurrency, readability, and maintainability need to be considered.

1. Client implementation

As an efficient concurrent programming language, Golang is very suitable for implementing client business logic. In terms of client implementation, Golang provides net and bufio packages to facilitate network communication and read-write caching.

The following is a sample code for a simple client to send barrages:

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "fmt"
    "net"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    var (
        addr     = "127.0.0.1:9090"
        inputStr string
    )

    conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", addr)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Connect failed:", err)
        os.Exit(1)
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
    for {
        fmt.Print("请输入发送的弹幕：")
        inputStr, _ = reader.ReadString('
')
        conn.Write([]byte(inputStr))
    }
}

It should be noted that here we connect to the server through the net.Dial() method and use bufio.NewReader () Get console input.

2. Server-side implementation

When implementing a server-side program, you need to pay attention to concurrency and performance. In Golang, you can use goroutine and channel to achieve concurrency, which is also a major feature of Golang.

In the server-side implementation, two goroutines need to be implemented: one for receiving barrage requests, and the other for broadcasting barrage messages. Received barrage messages will be broadcast to all clients.

The following is the core logic of the server side:

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

type Client struct {
    C    chan string
    Name string
}

var (
    entering = make(chan Client)
    leaving  = make(chan Client)
    messages = make(chan string)
    clients  = make(map[Client]bool)
)

func main() {
    var (
        addr = "127.0.0.1:9090"
    )

    listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Listen failed:", err)
        return
    }
    defer listener.Close()

    fmt.Println("Server is running on", addr)

    go broadcaster()

    for {
        conn, err := listener.Accept()
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println("Accept failed:", err)
            continue
        }

        go handleClient(conn)
    }
}

func broadcaster() {
    clients := make(map[Client]bool)
    for {
        select {
        case msg := <-messages:
            for cli := range clients {
                cli.C <- msg
            }
        case cli := <-entering:
            clients[cli] = true
            for c := range clients {
                c.C <- fmt.Sprintf("%s 加入房间", cli.Name)
            }
        case cli := <-leaving:
            delete(clients, cli)
            close(cli.C)
            for c := range clients {
                c.C <- fmt.Sprintf("%s 离开房间", cli.Name)
            }
        }
    }
}

func handleClient(conn net.Conn) {
    ch := make(chan string, 1)
    defer close(ch)

    client := Client{ch, conn.RemoteAddr().String()}
    clients[client] = true

    ch <- "欢迎 " + client.Name + " 加入房间"

    entering <- client

    input := bufio.NewScanner(conn)
    for input.Scan() {
        messages <- client.Name + ": " + input.Text()
    }

    if err := input.Err(); err != nil {
        fmt.Println("reading error:", err)
    }

    leaving <- client
}

As shown in the above code, the handleClient() function is used to process a single client request and broadcast the received message to all clients through the messages channel. At the same time Add client information to the clients list. Messages entering or leaving a room are broadcast through the entering and leaving channels.

The broadcast function broadcaster() loops continuously, continuously receiving messages from the three channels, and once there is a message, it will be broadcast to all clients. It should be noted that you need to use range to traverse all Client objects in clients.

3. Message broadcast implementation

In the above code, we use three channels of entering, leaving and messages for transmission. In the broadcaster() function, the use of select statements reduces the interference of goroutine and avoids deadlock situations.

The message received from the entering channel indicates that a client has joined the room. It needs to be added to the clients list and broadcast to other clients that the user has joined the room. The message received from the leaving channel indicates that the client has left the room and needs to be removed from the clients list and broadcast to other clients that the user has left the room. The messages received from the messages channel are barrages sent by the client and need to be broadcast to all users watching the live broadcast.

In the function handleClient(), we read the messages sent by the client and send them to the messages channel, thus realizing the broadcast of the barrage.

4. Summary

The above is the specific implementation method of using Golang to implement the barrage function. Through the use of goroutine and channel, the barrage function can be implemented simply and efficiently. In actual applications, the barrage function can be expanded and the code modified according to needs.

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