How to use CGI in Go?

Using CGI in Go is a common web development technology. This article will introduce how to use CGI in Go to implement web applications.

What is CGI?

CGI stands for Common Gateway Interface, which is a standard protocol for interaction between web servers and other applications. With CGI, a web server can send requests to other applications, then receive their responses and send them back to the client. CGI is a very flexible and scalable technology that can be used to create various types of web applications.

Using CGI in Go

Using CGI in Go is similar to other programming languages. First, you need to create a CGI script to handle web requests. Then, configure the path of the CGI execution script in the web server. Finally, the web request is sent into the CGI script.

Create CGI scripts

In Go, you can use the "net/http/cgi" package in the standard library to write CGI scripts. The package contains a function called "ServeCGI" which accepts two parameters: a "cmd" string representing the command of the CGI script to be executed, and a variable of type http.ResponseWriter representing the response written to the client end. Here is a simple CGI script example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "net/http/cgi"
)

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        cgi.Handler{
            Path: "/path/to/cgi/script.cgi",
            Dir:  "/path/to/cgi/directory",
            Env:  []string{},
        }.ServeHTTP(w, r)
    })

    fmt.Println("Listening on :8080...")
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

In the above example, we created a "/" route that sends web requests to the specified CGI script. Note that in the Handler structure you need to specify the path and directory of the CGI script, as well as environment variables (if required).

Configuring the Web Server

To configure the CGI script in the web server, you need to edit the configuration file of the web server and add the following line:

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /path/to/cgi/directory/

In the above example, We map the "/cgi-bin/" path to the directory where the CGI script is located. Then, send the web request to the "/cgi-bin/script.cgi" path, and the web server will automatically execute the CGI script.

Send Web Request

Now, we are ready to use CGI in Go. To send a web request, visit "http://localhost:8080/" in your browser and the web server will automatically send the request to the CGI script.

Summary

CGI is a common web development technology that can be used to create various types of web applications. In Go, you can use the "net/http/cgi" package from the standard library to write CGI scripts. You can easily use CGI to write web applications in Go by creating a CGI script and configuring the path for the CGI execution script in the web server.

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