How to use arrays in Go?

Go is a strongly typed programming language that provides arrays to store and manage a series of data. Array is a fixed-length and same-type data structure that can be easily defined and used in Go.

In this article, we will explore how to use arrays in Go and learn about some common array operations.

Define Array

To define an array in Go, we need to specify the type and length of the array. The length of the array must be an integer and cannot be determined by variables or runtime calculations.

The following is how to define an integer array of length 5:

var arr [5]int

The above code creates an array variable named arr, which has 5 integer elements, each element All are initialized to 0. We can access elements in the array by index. The index value starts from 0 and reaches a maximum of array length - 1.

To initialize the array, we can use the following:

arr := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

This will create an integer array of length 5, with elements initialized to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively.

We can also use the [...] syntax to let Go automatically calculate the length of the array based on the provided elements, as shown below:

arr := [...]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

The above code is the same as The previous code snippet has the same effect.

Traversing arrays

To traverse an array, you can use a for loop. Here is an example that iterates through an array of integers and prints each element.

arr := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

for i := 0; i < len(arr); i++ {
    fmt.Println(arr[i])
}

In this example, we use a for loop to loop from 0 to the length of the array, iterate through the entire array, and then print each element.

Slice

Slice is another important concept in Go. It is a dynamic length data structure that references an underlying array. Slicing provides a convenient way to handle variable-length data, which is more flexible than using fixed-length arrays.

In Go, you can use the following method to create a slice:

arr := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Unlike an array, the length of a slice can be changed at runtime, which provides us with a convenient way to Handle variable length data.

Add elements to the slice

We can use the append function to add elements to the slice. The append function adds elements to a slice and returns a new slice containing the added elements. Below is an example of adding a new element to a slice.

arr := []int{1, 2, 3}
arr = append(arr, 4, 5, 6)

In the above code example, we added three new elements to the slice, and the final length of the slice became 6. The append function allows adding multiple elements at once, each separated by commas.

Delete elements in a slice

We can use the slice operator [:] in Go to delete elements in a slice. Below is an example of removing an element from a slice and returning a new slice.

arr := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
arr = append(arr[:2], arr[3:]...)

In the above example, we use the slice operator to join the first two elements with the last two elements, which removes the element with index 2 and returns a new one with length 4 of slices.

Copy Slice

We can use the built-in copy function provided by Go to copy a slice. The following is an example of copying a slice using the copy function.

arr := []int{1, 2, 3}
copyArr := make([]int, len(arr))
copy(copyArr, arr)

In the above example, we first use the make function to create an empty slice with the same length as arr, and then use the copy function Copy the elements in arr to copyArr.

Summary

In this article, we discussed how to use arrays and slices in Go. An array is a fixed-length data structure, while a slice is a dynamic-length reference type data structure. We saw how to iterate over arrays, add and remove elements to slices, and copy slices. These operations provide Go programmers with basic tools for processing data and are the basic knowledge necessary to build complex applications.

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