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MySQL嵌套查询实例详解_MySQL

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Release: 2016-05-27 13:46:05
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本文实例分析了MySQL嵌套查询。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

MySQl从4.11版后已经完全支持嵌套查询了,那么下面举些简单的嵌套查询的例子吧(源程序来自MySQL User Manual):

1. SELECT语句的子查询

语法:

代码如下:

SELECT ... FROM (subquery) AS name ...

先创建一个表:

CREATE TABLE t1 (s1 INT, s2 CHAR(5), s3 FLOAT);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1,'1',1.0);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2,'2',2.0);

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我们就可以进行以下的嵌套查询了:

SELECT sb1,sb2,sb3
FROM (SELECT s1 AS sb1, s2 AS sb2, s3*2 AS sb3 FROM t1) AS sb
WHERE sb1 > 1;

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结果是: 2, '2', 4.0.

我们知道下面语句是不会得到正确结果的,因为对经过Group by排序的集合进行求均值是不能得到正确答案的:

代码如下:

SELECT AVG(SUM(column1)) FROM t1 GROUP BY column1

所以我们可以通过下面的嵌套查询实现同样的效果:

SELECT AVG(sum_column1)
FROM (SELECT SUM(column1) AS sum_column1
FROM t1 GROUP BY column1) AS t1;

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2.行的子查询(Row Subquery)

看下面的例子:

代码如下:

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE ROW(1,2) = (SELECT column1, column2 FROM t2);

这个查询是返回column1等于column2的结果行。Row函数中的1和2相当于构造参数。想必Blogjava上的同志对这些应该比较清楚,也不去详细介绍了。

3.使用Exist和Not Exist参数

这里的Exist和Not Exist用途及用法和在其他没有什么大的区别,我就简单举几个范例好了:

范例一:

SELECT DISTINCT store_type FROM Stores
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Cities_Stores
WHERE Cities_Stores.store_type = Stores.store_type);

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范例二:

SELECT DISTINCT store_type FROM Stores
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Cities_Stores
WHERE Cities_Stores.store_type = Stores.store_type);

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范例三: 这个例子中嵌套使用了Not Exist语法,稍微注意一下:

SELECT DISTINCT store_type FROM Stores S1
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM Cities WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM Cities_Stores
WHERE Cities_Stores.city = Cities.city
AND Cities_Stores.store_type = Stores.store_type));

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4.条件关联关系查询

SELECT column1 FROM t1 AS x
WHERE x.column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t2 AS x
WHERE x.column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t3
WHERE x.column2 = t3.column1));

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跟其他数据库做法是一样的。

5.其他使用方法和注意

除了上面这些还有很多很多,不过就不去细讲了,因为这些跟别的数据库差不多,只是为了给大家一个参考,提提就够了。

SELECT (SELECT s1 FROM t2) FROM t1;
SELECT (SELECT s2 FROM t1);

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支持子查询的语法有:SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,SET和DO。

子查询可以使用任何普通查询中使用的关键词:如DINSTINCT,GROUP BY,LIMIT,ORDER BY,UNION,ALL,UNION ALL等。可以使用, =, =, 运算符进行比较,也可以使用ANY ,IN和SOME进行集合的匹配。

希望本文所述对大家MySQL数据库程序设计有所帮助。

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