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Four identifications that user agent string userAgent can achieve_javascript skills

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Release: 2016-05-16 15:38:42
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定义

  用户代理字符串:navigator.userAgent

  HTTP规范明确规定,浏览器应该发送简短的用户代理字符串,指明浏览器的名称和版本号。但现实中却没有这么简单。

发展历史

【1】1993年美国NCSA国家超级计算机中心发布了世界上第一款web浏览器Mosaic,该浏览器的用户代理字符串为Mosaic/0.9

【2】Netscape公司进入浏览器开发领域,将自己产品的代号定名了Mozilla(Mosaic Killer)的简写,用户代理字符串格式为Mozilla/版本号 [语言] (平台;加密类型)

【3】IE发布的第一款赢得用户广泛认可的web浏览器IE3,当时Netscap已经占据了绝对市场份额,为了让服务器能够检测到IE,IE将用户代理字符串修改成兼容Netscape的形式:Mozilla/2.0(compatible;MSIE版本号;操作系统)

【4】各浏览器陆续出现,用户代理字符串的显示格式也越来越类似…… 

测试工具

 利用各桌面浏览器调试工具,主要是IE调试工具及chrome的emulation手机调试工具

 

桌面端测试结果

【1】IE

  [1.1]IE3

    Mozilla/2.0 (compatible; MSIE3.02; windows 95)

  [1.2]IE6

    Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)

  [1.3]IE7

    Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)

  [1.4]IE8

    Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0)

  [1.5]IE9

    Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)

  [1.6]IE10

    Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/6.0)

  [1.7]IE11

    Mozilla/5.0 (MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET

CLR 3.0.30729; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; InfoPath.3; GWX:QUALIFIED; rv:11.0) like Gecko

【2】chrome

  Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64)G AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.93 Safari/537.36

【3】safari

  Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.57.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.7 Safari/534.57.2

【4】firefox

  Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:40.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/40.0

【5】opera

  Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.85 Safari/537.36 OPR/32.0.1948.25

移动端测试结果

【1】ipad

  Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 7_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/537.51.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0 Mobile/11A465 Safari/9537.53

【2】iphone

  Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 8_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/600.1.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Mobile/12A4345d Safari/600.1.4

【3】android

  Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.2; GT-I9505 Build/JDQ39) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/31.0.1650.59 Mobile Safari/537.36

识别浏览器内核

  常见的内核有Trident、Gecko和Webkit

    [注意]因为Trident和Webkit的用户代理字符串中可能会出现 like Gecko的字眼,所以最后再测Gecko

function whichEngine(){
 var ua = navigator.userAgent;
 //Trident内核
 if(/Trident/.test(ua)){
  return "Trident";
 }
 //Webkit内核
 if(/WebKit/.test(ua)){
  return "WebKit";
 }  
 //Gecko内核
 if(/Gecko/.test(ua)){
  return "Gecko";
 }
}
console.log(whichEngine());//IE11下显示"Trident"
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识别浏览器版本

【1】IE

  IE3-IE10都可以通过MSIE的版本号来判断,因为有的IE11并不出现MSIE字符,且safari中也有rv字段,所以IE11需要通过rv后的版本号和Trident来配合判断

function isIE(){
 var ua = navigator.userAgent;
 //检测Trident引擎,IE8+
 if(/Trident/.test(ua)){
  //IE11+
  if(/rv:(\d+)/.test(ua)){
   return RegExp["$1"];
  } 
  //IE8-IE10 
  if(/MSIE (\d+)/.test(ua)){
   return RegExp["$1"];
  }  
 }
 //检测IE标识,IE7-
 if(/MSIE (\d+)/.test(ua)){
  return RegExp["$1"];
 } 
}
console.log(isIE());//只有IE会返回版本号,其他浏览器都返回undefined
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【2】chrome

function isChrome(){
 var ua = navigator.userAgent;
 //先排除opera,因为opera只是在chrome的userAgent后加入了自己的标识
 if(!/OPR/.test(ua)){
  if(/Chrome\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){
   return RegExp["$1"];
  } 
 } 
}
console.log(isChrome());//只有Chrome会返回版本号45.0.2454.93,其他浏览器都返回undefined
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【3】safari

function isSafari(){
 var ua = navigator.userAgent;
 //先排除opera
 if(!/OPR/.test(ua)){
  //检测出chrome和safari浏览器
  if(/Safari/.test(ua)){
   //检测出safari
   if(/Version\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){
    return RegExp["$1"];
   }  
  }
 } 
}
console.log(isSafari());//只有safari会返回版本号5.1.7,其他浏览器都返回undefined
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【4】firefox

function isFireFox(){
 if(/Firefox\/(\S+)/.test(navigator.userAgent)){
  return RegExp["$1"];
 } 
}
console.log(isFireFox());//只有firefox会返回版本号40.0,其他浏览器都返回undefined
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【5】opera

function isOpera(){
 if(/OPR\/(\S+)/.test(navigator.userAgent)){
  return RegExp["$1"];
 } 
}
console.log(isOpera());//只有opera会返回版本号32.0.1948.25,其他浏览器都返回undefined 
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识别操作系统

  使用navigator.platform检测操作系统更加简单,因为其可能包括的值为“Win32”、“Win64”、“MacPPC”、“MacIntel”、“X11”和"Linux i686"等,且在不同浏览器中是一致的。

  而通过navigator.userAgent可以来得到window系统的详细信息。

windows版本 -> 内核版本
Windows XP -> 5.1
Windows Vista -> 6.0
Windows 7 -> 6.1
Windows 8 -> 6.2
Windows 8.1 -> 6.3
Windows 10技术预览版   -> 6.4
Windows 10(Build 9880+) -> 10

function whichSyStem(){
 var ua = navigator.userAgent;
 var pf = navigator.platform;
 if(/Mac/.test(pf)){
  return "Mac";
 }
 if(/X11/.test(pf) || /Linux/.test(pf)){
  return "Linux";
 }
 if(/Win/.test(pf)){
  if(/Windows NT (\d+\.\d+)/.test(ua)){
   switch(RegExp["$1"]){
    case "5.0":
     return "Windows 2000";
    case "5.1":
     return "Windows XP";
    case "6.0":
     return "Windows Vista";
    case "6.1":
     return "Windows 7";
    case "6.2":
     return "Windows 8";
    case "6.3":
     return "Windows 8.1";
    case "6.4":
    case "10":
     return "Windows 10";     
   }
  }
 }
}
console.log(whichSyStem())//Windows 7
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识别移动端设备

function whichMobile(){
 var ua = navigator.userAgent;
 if(/iPhone OS (\d+_\d+)/.test(ua)){
  return 'iPhone Mac' + RegExp.$1.replace("_",".");
 }
 if(/iPad.+OS (\d+_\d+)/.test(ua)){
  return 'iPad Mac' + RegExp.$1.replace("_",".")
 }
 if(/Android (\d+\.\d+)/.test(ua)){
  return 'Android' + RegExp["$1"];
 }
}
console.log(whichMobile())//Android 5.1
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