What are the three layers of the Internet of Things architecture? What functions do they implement?

The architecture of the Internet of Things has three layers, namely: 1. Perception layer. The Internet of Things relies on the perception layer to identify objects and collect information; 2. Network layer, which implements fusion and other processing of transmitted information; 3. The application layer is the interface between the Internet of Things and users, and can provide corresponding management platforms and operating platforms for different users and applications in different industries.

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What are the three layers of the Internet of Things architecture? Specifically implemented respectively What function?

Three-layer architecture of the Internet of Things - Perception layer

The perception layer is like the human sensory organ. The Internet of Things relies on the perception layer to identify objects and collect data. information. The perception layer includes two sub-layers: information collection and communication subnet. Sensors, QR codes, barcodes, RFID, smart devices, etc. are used as data collection equipment, and the collected data interacts with information through the communication module of the communication subnet and the gateway of the extended network and network layer. Extended networks include sensor networks, wireless personal area networks (WPAN), home networks, industrial buses, etc. The main components of the perception layer are sensors and sensor gateways, including a variety of mature and highly differentiated technologies, such as QR code technology, RFID technology, temperature/humidity sensing, optical cameras, GPS equipment, biometrics, etc. Various sensing devices. Objects currently embedded with sensing devices and radio frequency tags (RFID) in the sensing layer form a local network to collaboratively sense the surrounding environment or their own status, perform preliminary processing and judgment on the acquired sensing information, and actively respond according to corresponding rules. , access the intermediate or final processing results to the network layer through various access networks.

Three-layer architecture of the Internet of Things - Network layer

The network layer is like the human brain and central nervous system. After the perception layer obtains information, it relies on the network layer for transmission. The current topics of the network layer are the Internet, network management systems and computing platforms, as well as various heterogeneous networks and private networks. The network layer consists of various wireless/wired gateways, access networks and core networks to realize the two-way transmission, routing and control of sensing layer data and control information. The access network includes AD, OLT, DSLAM, switches, radio frequency access units, 2G/3G cellular mobile access, satellite access, etc. The core network mainly includes public telecommunications networks and the Internet such as various optical fiber transmission networks, IP bearer networks Next Generation Network (NGN), Next Generation Internet (NGI), Next Generation Broadcasting Network (NGB), etc. It can also rely on private networks of industries or enterprises. . The network layer includes broadband wireless networks, optical fiber networks, cellular networks and various dedicated networks. While transmitting a large amount of sensory information, it also performs fusion and other processing on the transmitted information.

Three-layer architecture of the Internet of Things - Application layer

The application layer is the interface between the Internet of Things and users (including people, organizations and other systems), and can target different users , applications in different industries, provide corresponding management platforms and operating platforms and combine them with professional knowledge and business models in different industries to achieve more accurate and sophisticated intelligent information management. The application layer should include a data intelligent processing sub-layer, an application support sub-layer, and various specific IoT applications. The support sublayer provides general support services and capability calling interfaces for IoT applications. The data intelligent processing sub-layer is the core technology for realizing data-centered IoT development, including theories and technologies for data aggregation, storage, query, analysis, mining, understanding, and decision-making and behavior based on sensory data. Data aggregation aggregates real-time and non-real-time IoT business data and stores it in the database to facilitate subsequent data mining, expert analysis, decision support and intelligent processing.

Applications of the Internet of Things can be divided into monitoring types (logistics monitoring, environmental monitoring), query types (intelligent retrieval, remote meter reading), control types (intelligent transportation, smart homes, smart street lights), and scanning types ( Mobile wallets, highway non-stop toll collection), etc., there are both industry professional applications and public applications based on public platforms. The processing sub-layer provides storage and processing functions, which are represented by various data centers using data mining, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence technologies in the form of middleware to provide processing functions such as data analysis, situation judgment and control decision-making. The "cloud" of cloud computing is the processing sub-layer, which mainly provides services through data centers; the top-level application layer establishes various applications in different fields.

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